Most literary masterpieces are written with a pen. It is only in the last hundred years or a little more that other, simpler and more convenient stationery supplies have come into use. And before that, both geniuses and students had to write with a fountain pen, experiencing all the attendant difficulties, from blots to spilled ink. Why should a modern person, who has at his disposal not only ball-liners, felt-tip pens and markers, but also computer text editors, bother writing with a fountain pen? For example, to pay tribute to the literary talents of the past.

But even if you don’t have writing ambitions, it’s worth learning how to write with a fountain pen, if only to develop beautiful handwriting and practice self-discipline, not to mention the special aesthetics of writing with a fountain pen. Obviously, using a fountain pen is much more difficult than popular writing instruments; you will have to put up with blots, stains and other inconveniences until you learn how to write beautifully and delicately with a fountain pen. In addition, a good ink pen is not cheap, but all the financial costs, time and effort spent will be fully repaid by the pleasure that you will get from learning to write correctly with a fountain pen.

How to choose a fountain pen? Why write with a fountain pen?
Modern stereotypes about fountain pens place them in the category of gifts - beautiful, status and very specific. Why? Yes, because not every hero of the day, birthday boy or other hero of the occasion knows how to write with a fountain pen and will use it. So, he will thank you for the gift and put it in a beautiful case among the souvenirs, while he himself continues to use his usual ballpoint pen. Such a reaction is easy to understand, and who in his place would not do the same. But be aware that you are depriving yourself of the great benefits of a fountain pen:
And don’t think that only an old-fashioned professor or a smug dandy can write with a fountain pen - manufacturers of stylish stationery produce ink liners of such diverse and impressive models that choosing an option to your taste will not be difficult, from noble classics to avant-garde originality. It will be more difficult to limit yourself to one copy than to learn to write with a fountain pen.

How exactly does a fountain pen work? Features of a pen with a feather
Get used to using a fountain pen and learn to write better right away on high-quality copies in order to fully appreciate all their advantages. Before buying a fountain pen, consult with friends who are more experienced in such things, take an interest in the brands available in your city and pay attention to the following nuances:

1. Prestigious fountain pens from famous brands and ink for them are worth buying if you need a representative gift. For yourself, especially at first, you can get by with high-quality, but more affordable brands, including domestic ones.
   
2. Fountain pens from different manufacturers differ in length, weight and even the shape of the nib, but they have a common operating principle and set of parts. The visible part is the nib itself (the writing tip) and the body, or barrel, as well as the protective cap that fits over the nib when the pen is not in use.
   
3. Inside the body of the fountain pen there is an ink container. This can be called a cartridge, that is, a replaceable cylinder, or a converter, that is, a container for refilling ink. You need to consider how exactly your fountain pen is refilled, especially since the shape and volume of containers may vary.
   
4. Ink pen nibs vary in the width of the tip and, accordingly, the thickness of the line on the paper. The width standard is defined and designated in Latin letters: F – thin nib, M – medium-width nib, B – wide nib. In addition, the style is affected by the inclination of the pen and the shape of the ball at its tip.
   
5. The gold fountain pen is a beautiful but practically useless stereotype. The material of the body, core and even the pen itself determines the level of prestige and, possibly, durability of the pen, but the material of the tip is much more important. The most durable is iridium; it is this, and not gold, that will last a long time without wear.
   

Some fountain pen models are adapted for left-handers, allowing you to perform complex calligraphy techniques or other specific tasks. But the general mechanism of operation is still the supply of liquid ink from the body of the pen to the nib, the ink passing between its teeth and hitting the surface of the paper. Well-established technology regulates the amount of ink and returns excess back to the cartridge - the so-called capillary principle of fountain pens.

How to write correctly and beautifully with a fountain pen?
To start learning to write with a fountain pen, try to forget or at least temporarily abandon the skills that you use with a ballpoint pen. Because using a fountain pen with ink is, if not radically, then very different. Regular training will quickly accustom you to the new rules, but for now, read and remember them:

1. It will be most difficult for those who are used to pressing the handle. With a pen, a lot of force is inappropriate and unnecessary: ​​the ink is gently applied to the tip, but strong pressure can break through the paper. Although in art schools and classical calligraphy it is the degree of pressure on the pen that determines the width of the ink mark and the font style.
   
2. The habit of holding a pen or pencil vertically or almost perpendicular to the paper is not suitable when using a fountain pen. Here the tilt of the device is much stronger, the handle forms an acute angle with the horizontal, and the hand slides along the paper.
   
3. Correctly hold a fountain pen with your working hand, placing it between the first and second phalanx of the middle finger, pressing lightly with the index finger and tilting the body of the pen towards you. The outer side (“edge”) of the palm from the wrist itself and the little finger should rest on the table.
   
4. When you first try to write, a fountain pen may seem heavier than a regular ballpoint pen, which is not surprising given its material and complex design. In addition, the weight of the fountain pen provides inertia of movement, and at the same time trains the wrist joint, which holds and rotates the hand and pen while writing.
   
5. The fountain pen tip is very responsive to pressure. Thanks to this property, it is easy to adjust the thickness of the line: with a light touch it will be thin, with pressure it will be thicker. These delights should be tested only after you have learned to write finely with a fountain pen and want to complicate the task for yourself.
   

The main difficulties that sometimes prevent you from writing beautifully with a fountain pen are related to the supply of ink to the tip of the pen. But they do not arise and/or are easily eliminated if the pen is of high quality and in good working order, and you need to learn to write with ink with just such a pen. A sincere desire to learn and first successes will serve as the best motivation for further practice. Continue to use a fountain pen even in spite of the first difficulties. You won’t even notice how writing with a fountain pen will become, if not ordinary, then at least not difficult and even enjoyable.

No. 1. Write with a fountain pen with strong pressure. Perhaps the most remarkable quality of a fountain pen is that it does not require pressure when writing - it can literally write under its own weight. And yet, people who are accustomed to using ballpoint pens often continue to put pressure on the writing unit when switching to fountain pens. Excessive pressure can cause the tips of the pen to separate and ruin the pen. Do not try to draw on a dry fountain pen by pressing the nib or tapping it on a hard surface; you risk ruining it. It’s better to hold it under running water - the handle will “come to life”.

Advice: just relax and enjoy writing without pressure and without the consequences of numb fingers from fatigue.

No. 2. A fairly common mistake: carrying a pen together with other metal objects: keys, keychains, a folding knife, etc. The body of your pen can get scratched, whether it is made of plastic, metal with a lacquered or anodized surface.

Tip: Always carry your pen separately from these items: in another pocket, in a pencil case, or place the pen in a case or case.

No. 3. Use special calligraphic ink in your fountain pen, marked like: India Ink, Lawer’s Ink, Pigmented Ink, etc. This ink is intended for dipping pens. Some of these inks are formulated specifically for use in fountain pens, but most are not. Calligraphy ink contains shellac, a resin that, when dried, completely blocks the ink channels in your pen. This ink is only dissolved by alcohol, which can also ruin your writing instrument.

When a fountain pen needs to be refilled with waterproof ink, for example, for sketching using the “ink + watercolor” technique, pigmented ink is usually used - special for fountain pens, for example, Platinum Carbon Ink. Remember that when using such ink, the pen must be washed more often.

Tip: When purchasing ink, make sure it is the type that is suitable for fountain pens.

No. 4. This mistake is often made by more experienced users: not taking care of your fountain pen. Caring for a fountain pen is quite simple: the pen must be periodically washed with water at room temperature. Sometimes it is enough to hold the writing unit under running water. If a pen filled with ink has been left unused for a long time and the ink in it has dried, place the writing unit in a glass of water for a while. If you are using a converter, simply fill the pen with water and empty it, repeating this several times until the water becomes clear. By the way, with constant use of the converter, the pen requires less maintenance - the piston ink intake system automatically rinses the pen.

*The Goulet Pen Company blog also recommends a syringe as a handy tool for cleaning the writing unit of the pen. As they say, everyone has their own rituals, choose the one you like best.

If you use one color of ink, you can wash your pen once a month. If you change ink, wash it before each new refill.

No. 5. This is not a mistake, but rather a death sentence for your fountain pen: wash it with alcohol or acetone. Acetone dissolves plastic, and alcohol is quite aggressive to both external and internal parts of the handle.

Tip: Use water to rinse your fountain pen - it is sufficient for this task.

No. 6. This mistake can be fatal for your pen: dropping a fountain pen when there is no cap on it. According to the law of the sandwich, it will fall feather down. If the surface is hard, it will bend and the nib will usually be beyond repair. In premium pens, repairs and replacement of the nib can cost the cost of the entire pen. You will have better luck if you own a Lamy pen or a couple of other brands whose pens you can change the nibs yourself.

Tip: When you finish writing, immediately put the cap on your pen.

Since ancient times, people have felt the need to preserve information, transfer their experience and knowledge. To do this, he needed two things: a writing device and writing material. In prehistoric times, coals were used as such a writing device.

The Sumerians wrote on clay tablets. This writing system, cuneiform, originated 3,000 years ago. The creation of the first writing instruments dates back to the era of the civilizations of Ancient Egypt. Pharaonic scribes and priests used reed sticks and vegetable paints for writing. Thus, they painted hieroglyphs on the walls or papyrus. Gradually, with the improvement of paint for writing, reed sticks were replaced by goose feathers. The use of a quill pen, which became ubiquitous by the 16th century, greatly facilitated the writing process: the tip of the pen was easily sharpened and, having become more flexible, was less likely to break under hand pressure. Attempts to create a full-fledged automatic fountain pen have been made since the 19th century, when metal quills first began to replace archaic goose quills. However, for a very long time these attempts did not lead to anything. I had to dip my pen into the inkwell again and again.

The idea of ​​a reservoir inside a fountain pen was simple and natural, and the method of filling this reservoir with ink was not particularly problematic. However, none of the first fountain pens could provide a stable and uniform supply of ink to the pen. These pens, at their own discretion, released as much ink as they wanted and therefore either refused to write at all, or stained everything they touched with ink, leaving blots on the paper, dirty spots on the hands and cuffs, and irritation in the hearts of their owners.

In 1884, insurance broker Lewis Edson Waterman, 45 years old, was ready to sign a very important contract. The client was already waiting for him in his office. For this occasion, Waterman purchased a new fountain pen. He believed that a new pen would be more suitable for this special occasion than the simple pen and pocket inkwell that he usually used. So, the contract was already on the table, and the client with a brand new fountain pen in hand was ready to sign it. But God! The pen refused to write - neither after the first nor after the second attempt was it possible to extract a drop of ink from the pen. The third attempt ended with the appearance of a greasy blot on such an important document. Waterman rushed to his office for another copy of the contract, but when he returned to his client, he discovered that his competitors had passed him by - the client had signed the contract with another broker. Lewis Waterman decided to take revenge, but not in the usual way - to invent a fountain pen that would never fail. Using his brother's workshop to explore, he was determined to find out the reason for the irregular flow of ink through the pen. Waterman quickly determined that the problem was that the ink system not only had to allow ink to flow to the pen, but also had to control how much air filled the reservoir as the ink was consumed. Either insight, or his characteristic ingenuity, but something gave him the idea to use the capillary principle.

The main parts of a fountain pen (the picture shows the pen with the cap on)

1. Frame
2. Cap
3. Clip (latch)
4. Cap tip
5. Front of the handle
6. Inner wall of the cap
7. Ink reservoir
8. Ink supply system (collector and pen pressure regulator)

The meaning of Waterman's invention is as follows. As you write, ink flows from the pen onto the paper, gradually creating a vacuum in the ink reservoir located inside the pen. The internal pressure in the tank becomes less than the external atmospheric pressure, which prevents ink from flowing out. To compensate for this change in internal pressure, it is necessary that exactly as much air enters the reservoir from the outside as ink is consumed. But how to do this if the reservoir must be sealed so that ink does not leak out of the pen? There is only one place for the influx of outside air - where the ink flows out of the pen, that is, the pen itself, or rather the channel through which ink is supplied to the tip of the pen. The difficulty lies in the fact that due to the small thickness of the inlet channel, air does not flow inside the pen in a continuous flow, but in the form of individual bubbles that interfere with the flow of ink going towards it. Therefore, it is necessary to ensure that air and ink move towards each other inside the ink supply system through different channels. Lewis Waterman, having no education in either science or technology, nevertheless understood what hundreds of minds could not understand. Waterman decided to use narrow channels cut along the ink supply channel to supply air to the pen, so narrow that, due to capillary attraction, the ink did not penetrate into these channels, while at the same time allowing air to be quietly drawn in through them under the influence of reduced pressure inside the pen, caused by ink consumption.

Modern ink supply systems in fountain pens are even more complex. Since the supply of ink to the pen depends on several factors: air temperature, atmospheric pressure, as well as the force with which the pen is pressed against the paper, the ink supply system in modern pens, in addition to capillaries that equalize internal and external pressure and do not allow ink to spill out, supplemented with a collector and a special control camera that controls the pressure of the pen. This ink supply system is designed to provide the pen with exactly the amount of ink that is currently required.

The collector is responsible for “portioning” the ink supply to the pen. It begins to work the moment the pen begins to write. If you use a wide nib or write very quickly, the collector increases the amount of ink supplied to the nib.

The control chamber is designed to compensate for both increased atmospheric pressure and disproportionate pen pressure. If it were not for this chamber, which plays the role of a kind of pressure compensator, then in the above-mentioned situations, ink would pour out of the pen in a stream.

The ink system materials consist of injection molded synthetic rubbers, and in finer writing pens, hard rubber (these materials adequately resist the corrosive additives present in the ink).

The ink supply system includes:

1. The channel through which ink flows from the reservoir to the nib.
2. Collector.
3. A special chamber (internal cavity) that controls the pressure of the pen.
4. The point (tip) of the pen.

Feather.

Materials such as stainless steel and gold are used to make feathers. The choice of material does not have a decisive influence on the elasticity and flexibility of the pen. More significant factors are the size of the pen, its shape and design, the thoroughness of its grinding, and special attention is paid to the processing of the tip of the pen. Therefore, if the pen is made not of gold, but of stainless steel, then it can be as strong and at the same time flexible and elastic as gold.

Since both steel and gold wear out quite quickly when writing, the tip of the pen is made of a more expensive and harder metal (usually the platinum group - iridium or rhodium). This allows the pen to serve for decades while remaining of the same quality.

The cut is very important for the quality of the feather - a longitudinal dissection of the front part of the feather into two halves. This incision is of paramount importance, so it is performed with special tools and using special technology.

The final procedure in the production of a pen is its sharpening. When a pen is sharpened, its tip receives a certain shape depending on the functions that the pen is intended to perform.

1. Rolling of an ingot from 10 to 20 mm thick, annealed to ensure elasticity, to a thickness of 0.3 to 0.6 mm, cold desktop stamping to ensure elasticity and toughness.
2. Stamping of a special pattern, company logo, etc.
3. Soldering iridium to gold.
4. Sand grinding of gold and iridium compounds.
5. Rolling the mold between two grooved cylinders. Thinning (thinning) the body increases elasticity, and bringing the tail down to 0.1mm ensures a tight fit to the body of the handle.
6. Cutting off other parts of the feather using a tabletop press.
7. Drilling a peephole.
8. Imprint of the curvature in the feather.
9. Making a cut in the body of the feather.
10. Repeating the polishing of the feather (with sand) and finishing it to sizes f, m, b.
11. The top of the nib is polished to a jewel quality finish and the underside is blunted to regulate ink flow.
12. Installation of the ink supply system.
13. Check.

For more expensive pens, the nib manufacturing process includes some additional steps, such as engraving and appliqué with platinum group metal (rhodium, ruthenium). In addition, the most expensive feathers are tested after each technological stage.

Types of feathers.

The nibs are straight, beveled, for calligraphic writing and beveled for calligraphic writing. The most common are straight nibs, the least common for calligraphy.

Feathers are also divided into several groups based on their width. The most common of them are the following (labeling according to the German catalog):
EF (extrafein) – a very thin nib (X marking is possible for it)
F (fein) – thin feather
M (mittel) – medium thickness nib

Ink.

The first use of ink dates back approximately 2,500 years. The main components included carbon black and an adhesive or binder. The next stage of widespread use of ink dates back to 210 BC and remained a central stage for the next 2000 years or so. The ink components are exactly what their name suggests - blue-black ink and inknut ink. As a result of chemical analysis, scientists and historians have concluded that some sections of the Dead Sea Scrolls were written with ink from the ink nut. The last innovation in ink technology came in the 1800s with the development of aniline dyes. The knitting and leather industries widely use aniline in the dyeing process. For some time, chemists added acids to their formulations in order to reveal the true color saturation of certain dyes. This acid ink can still be found. The composition of modern ink is simple: water and dye, with an additive to prevent the growth of bacteria. This ink contains at most seven components in its formulation. Pigments, colorants and additives make up about 2% of the solution, the remaining 98% is water. Sometimes new formulations are ordered to optimize the characteristics of fountain pens from individual manufacturers. Almost every modern ink improves the performance of a fountain pen by adding a lubricant, having self-cleaning detergents, drying quickly on paper while maintaining moisture on the nib, being rich in color, and being resistant to fading. 04.12.2006

Before we dwell in more detail on each of these writing instruments, we would like to make a short excursion into the history of writing and those utensils that were used for writing.

Historical background

Writing

The history of writing is a separate scientific discipline, and it will be possible to fully cover it in more than one or two volumes of scientific research. However, a short excursion into history would be useful here.

The first traces of writing (in the form more or less familiar to us), discovered by modern researchers, are about 3000 years old. It was then that people first began to put words and sentences together from individual symbols. The method of writing used in these documents that have survived to this day was from right to left, as they have been preserved even now in some alphabets. The modern way of writing (from left to right) appeared later - in 400 BC. in Ancient Greece. The Greeks laid the foundation for modern alphabets, including the Cyrillic alphabet (the word “alphabet” itself is a fusion of the first two letters of the Greek letter - alpha and beta). The Latin alphabet, based on the older Greek, was formed in Ancient Rome, as a result of Roman expansion, quickly spread across many countries and has reached the present day in almost unchanged form. However, there are many modern variations of it - the style of the letters differs depending on the language.

In Perzhd, only large (capital) letters were used in writing and only from the 7th century AD. lowercase letters and combinations of uppercase and lowercase letters came into use, i.e. It is precisely this moment that can be considered the date of the final formation of modern writing.

Materials

Writing materials, i.e. We are especially interested in what people wrote and in what they wrote.

5000 BC- the inhabitants of Sumer, who lived on the Euphrates River, wrote with sticks on clay tablets.

3000 BC- the inhabitants of Ancient Egypt wrote with reed brushes on papyrus, using colored clay as paints.

200 BC- The Romans use a silver stylus and wax tablet, and the Greeks use reed feathers and parchment.

100th year AD- Chinese residents write with hair brushes and ink on paper.

6th century AD- monks copy texts from the Bible on parchment, using quills and pens, but for everyday writing, sharpened rods and wax tablets were still used, since parchment was very expensive.

15th century- pen and paper began to be widely used by European scientists.

Finally, in 1888, George S. Parker founded in America and since then kept all records and signed all documents with the first high-quality pen he personally developed.

So, for 7,000 years, humanity has been using writing instruments: starting with primitive sticks and clay, going through long centuries of development and making the industrial revolution of the 19th century, people had metal pens and paper at their disposal at prices affordable for everyone. Since then, progress in the production of writing instruments has advanced by leaps and bounds.

Quite quickly, simple metal nibs were replaced by the first fountain pens, and already at the end of the 19th century several very good models appeared. By this time, those who wished could purchase quite good ones. In the 20s of the XX century kit from feather pens and pencils, placed in beautiful packaging, was considered an excellent gift.

In the 40s, the technical capabilities of the industry made it possible to begin producing ballpoint pens. However, they became popular only ten years later, and this is due in no small part to the development of a new one that allowed them to be used for quite a long time without replacing the rod. This new rod, unlike its predecessors, not only did not stain the paper, but also made it possible to use different colors when writing.

Relatively recently, another writing instrument appeared -. It combines the advantages of both - water-based, like in, and a ball, like in, at the same time. You will read more about it below.

fountain pen

Today, like a hundred years ago, quality is primarily determined by the quality of the pen and the perfection of ink supply to the pen. Whether the ink is drawn into the pen from an inkwell or is used is not at all important. In the same way, the quality of writing is practically not affected by the material from which the pen is made and the external finishing of its body.

Basic parts of a fountain pen

1. Frame
2. Cap *
3. Cap tip
4. Front of the handle
5. Inner wall of the cap
6. Ink reservoir
7. Ink supply system (collector and pen pressure regulator)

Refilling from an inkwell

If you need to write on an airplane or high in the mountains (that is, in conditions of low atmospheric pressure), then you can do this. However, in this case, we recommend that you first insert a new one. Why is this necessary? The fact is that since air expands faster than liquid when pressure decreases, the less air there is in the ink reservoir, the better.

Feather

If ink supply system- the “heart” of a fountain pen, then feather- this is her “soul”. When beautiful feather glides perfectly across the paper, creating an incomparable appearance" pen feeling".

A quality fountain pen should have the most perfect pen. Making such a feather is very difficult. Even today, when the most advanced technologies exist, many stages pen production are performed manually.

Materials used to make feathers include: stainless steel And gold. The choice of material does not have a decisive influence on the elasticity and flexibility of the pen. More significant factors are the magnitude pen, its shape and design, the thoroughness of its grinding, special attention to processing pen points. Therefore, if the pen is not made from gold, and from stainless steel, then it can be as strong and at the same time flexible and elastic as gold.

Since and steel, And gold wear out quite quickly when writing, pen point made from a more expensive and harder metal (usually the platinum group). This allows the pen to serve for decades while remaining of the same quality.

Very important for pen quality has cut- longitudinal dissection of the front part of the feather into two halves. This incision is of primary functional importance, so it is performed with special tools and using special technology.

Final procedure for pen production- this is his sharpening. At sharpening the pen its tip receives a certain shape depending on the functions that this pen is designed to perform.

During production feathers for the number of manufacturing process operations reaches 30.

Stages of feather production

• Cutting out a template corresponding to the future pen size
• Stamping of a special pattern, company logo, etc.
• Cutting a hole to which a cut will later be made
• Curling (rolling), shaping and edging
• Soldering a tip that matches the width of the pen
• Grinding the tip (tip)
• Making a cut in the body of the pen
• Sanding and polishing
• Installing the Ink Supply System
• Examination

For more process feather making includes some additional steps such as metal engraving and appliqué platinum group ( rhodium, ruthenium). In addition, they are tested after each technological stage.

Types of feathers

Feathers there are straight, beveled - for calligraphy writing. The most common are straight nibs, the least common for calligraphy.

Width feathers are also divided into several groups. To make it easier for you to navigate the diversity feather shapes and sizes, we present here their most complete classification.

Now they are supplied to Russia with thin And medium feathers. You can also order feathers of other species if necessary.

Attention! Never write with ink!

Before we dwell on the technical features, let us remember the history of the development of these writing instruments.

Roller design

1. Frame
2. Cap
3. Front of the case
4. Cap tip
5. Inner part of the cap with snap fastening
6. Rollerball rod

The first acquaintance with a fountain pen begins with the fact that when we see it among friends or acquaintances, we take it in our hands. Then the first question arises: “How to write with a fountain pen?”

A sharp pen can easily damage a sheet of paper: scratch it or pierce it through. In inept hands, a fountain pen is not a flexible writing instrument at all, and here another question arises: “Why doesn’t she write? How does it work?

How to use a fountain pen

The first experiences of beginning pen writers are often full of errors, since they are accustomed to writing with ballpoint pens, the principle of which is completely different from writing with a pen. But knowing the principles outlined below, you can enjoy the writing process and be satisfied with its results.

The principle of operation of the “ball” in our usual pens:

• 1 - the tip of the ballpoint pen consists of a hollow tube and has a pressed-in small ball that is open on one side and in contact with the ink (paste) in the rod on the other;
• 2 – when the pen moves across the paper, the ball rotates, and the paste envelops the surface of the ball on its side, the ball turns and the ink falls on the paper, leaving an ink trail. The line follows the movement of your hand, also neatly and naturally.

It is also necessary to press vertically on the handle, which will ensure sufficient friction for the ball to constantly rotate. Depending on the quality of the handle, the pressure should be applied more or less strongly, but the position of the handle should only be vertical. Therefore, pens do not write on vertical surfaces; the tilt of the pen is such that the paste flows away from the ball, and it does not come into contact with the ink, so there is no mark left on the paper.

The principle of working with a pen or how to write with a fountain pen:

• 1 – the writing part of the pen is a pen, the ink is located between the teeth of the pen at its very tip and comes into contact with the paper when pressed very lightly;
• 2 – the line is obtained when the pen is drawn along the surface of the paper with a slight movement, slightly touching the paper;
• 3 – the inclination of a fountain pen to the surface of the paper is less than that of a ballpoint pen, which is more comfortable for the hand and reduces the load on the muscles of the hand. Accordingly, performance when writing with a pen is higher, and it is fashionable to write without pain for longer.

Other rules for working with special flexible and semi-flexible and wide nibs are not considered in this case. They are designed for calligraphy and poster work.

From these nuances comes the ease and naturalness of writing with a fountain pen. It is not for nothing that several decades ago children were recommended to first learn to write with a pen, and only after mastering the basic skills of calligraphy did they switch to writing with ballpoint pens. Handwriting from such a pen is straight and clear; the child finds it interesting to write neat letters in beautiful ink.

Sequence of writing with a fountain pen

Take a fountain pen filled with ink in your working hand, tilt it slightly towards your elbow, towards you, and slightly to the side, so that it is convenient to draw a line with the pen. In this case, the pen touches the sheet of paper with a slight movement. If as a result there is no ink line, check whether there is ink for the fountain pen at the tip of the pen and in the special reservoir.

If there is ink, but it does not write, then the pen or ink supply mechanism may be damaged. You should check it yourself or give it to a specialist. A working fountain pen should write easily and naturally, without applying excessive pressure. Also, under no circumstances should it scratch the paper or leave marks from the pen.

If there is no ink, then the next question arises: “how to refill a fountain pen?”

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