We teach a child to pronounce problematic sounds l, r, sh, zh, k without a speech therapist. Making the sound “r” in 15 seconds. Free classes and rules for organizing them at home with your mother. Speech therapy gymnastics.

Clear, beautiful and varied speech of a child is the natural desire of any mother. Do not panic if by the age of 3.5 years the baby does not yet speak all the letters. But problems with the pronunciation of sounds in the age range of 4-5 years are a reason to think about the presence of defects.
Incorrect pronunciation of the letter "l" is the most common problem in children's speech. Very often, kids try to replace a hard sound with a soft one, or insert the sound “v” into a word. Less commonly observed is the replacement of the hard sound “l” with “th”, as well as its omission.
This process can be caused by a number of reasons:

• Imitating incorrect speech from adults around you
• Problems with the speech apparatus
• Congenital or acquired hearing defects
• Psychologically difficult atmosphere in the family

Before you panic and “drag” your children to a speech therapist and psychologist, you should try to cope with this difficulty on your own.

Remember! Each preschooler has an individual pace of development and assimilation of information. In most cases, boys are somewhat behind girls.

Is it so difficult to teach a child to pronounce sounds on his own?

Organizing home speech therapy classes on correct pronunciation on your own is quite simple. The most important condition that must be adhered to is to conduct them in the form of a game. The baby should be interested. Under no circumstances should pressure be put on him, otherwise interest in the lessons will simply disappear.
Children need to be given information in doses. It’s better to start with 4-5 sessions a week for 10-15 minutes, gradually increasing the frequency and number of exercises.
How to teach a child to pronounce sounds in front of a mirror? The baby must see what is happening with his mouth, how his lips behave and at the same time watch his mother. It is recommended to arrange a fairly comfortable place and hang a mirror so that your son or daughter can see his reflection unobstructed while sitting.

Important! It is imperative to praise your child for every success, even minor ones!

Any lesson on orthoepy (correct literary pronunciation) should begin with warming up the speech apparatus, i.e. articulatory gymnastics.
The simplest and most effective of them:

• "smile". We ask the baby to smile as wide as possible, but there is no need to show his teeth. Hold your lips in this position for a count of 5.
• "tube". The baby stretches his lips forward with a tube and holds them in this position for a count of 5.
• "fence". The child smiles and shows the upper and lower row of teeth. Duration - on the count of 5
• "hippopotamus" Open your mouth wide, as when yawning, and hold it for up to 5 seconds.
• "snake". Stick out and hide the sharp tongue between tightly compressed lips. Repeat 5-7 times
• "scapula". Place a wide, maximally relaxed tongue on the lower lip and hold for up to 3 seconds. Two repetitions in a row
• "watch". Stick out the tongue and move it left and right for 3 seconds
• "swing". The mouth is wide open, the tongue moves up and down. Exercise duration - 3-5 seconds
• “Brushing our teeth.” The mouth is open wide and we run the tongue along the inner surface of the upper and then lower teeth, from left to right and vice versa

The duration of the warm-up is usually 10 minutes and helps to train and at the same time relax the speaking muscles of the face. Sometimes, methodical repetition of such classes for a month eliminates many of the child’s problems with pronunciation and deprives him of primary speech defects forever. After such charging, it is worth starting to produce a particular sound.

K - horse. Pronouncing the letter “k” with your child

Kappacism - this is the name given to a violation of the pronunciation of the sounds “k”, “k´”. This is a back-lingual group of sounds. When played, it involves a high rise of the root of the tongue. The “fun wrestler” exercise will help train him. The child opens his mouth and tries to push out the adult’s index finger with the tip of his tongue, while saying ta-ta-ta. The more resistance the tongue experiences, the faster it will become a mound at the base. This will automatically lead to the transformation of “t” into “k”. Of course, an adult’s hands must first be washed and treated with alcohol. The exercise should be performed gradually, starting with low pressure, to avoid the gag reflex.

L – lama. Teaching a child to pronounce the letter “l”

Correct pronunciation of the sound “l” is one of the simplest speech therapy tasks. The place where this sound is registered is on the tip of the tongue in the position “behind the upper teeth.”
In order to place it, you need to place your tongue between your front teeth and squeeze it lightly. Next, pronounce a drawn-out “y-y-y” with a sharp jerk of the tongue back. To consolidate the effect, you need to try to combine the resulting sound “l” with the vowels “a”, “o”, “e”, etc. That's it!

Sh – scarf. Teaching a child to pronounce the letter “sh”

Opening the sound “sh” at home occurs through strengthening the muscles of the lips. Not every preschooler can do this at first. First, you need to perform the “pipe” and “smile” exercises from the warm-up complex with the baby. You need to start with a tempo of three, gradually increasing the speed of alternately changing the position of the lips. You can connect other ways to train your labial muscles.
The next stage is establishing the correct position of the tongue at the upper palate. To do this, you can invite your child to imitate the sound of a horse's hooves. Next - show how the wind blows on a dandelion. It is recommended to perform all positions from the complex sequentially, for 3-5 seconds each.
Consolidation of pronunciation occurs through fixation of a flat, relaxed tongue at the palate and its simultaneous reproduction.
Sometimes the method of physical influence, which experienced speech therapists like to use, helps. A simple wooden stick is used to help the child hold his tongue against the roof of his mouth. At the same time, he is asked to forcefully blow air out of his mouth. The sound "sh" is produced automatically.

F – giraffe. We teach a child to pronounce the voiced letter “zh”

The mechanism for revealing the sound “zh” in a child follows approximately the same principle as “sh”, but loudly. Correct position speech apparatus in this case: a relaxed tongue stands at the top like a ladle, the teeth are in the position of a fence, the lips are forward, the larynx is tense. We are trying to achieve the desired sound.

R – frame. Difficult mission, but real! We teach you how to pronounce the letter “r” correctly

As a rule, speech therapists place this sound last, because it is quite difficult to pronounce. The main task is to rid the child of the habit of reproducing the letter with his throat in order to avoid the “burring” effect.
In a playful way, the baby is asked to stick his tongue to the roof of his mouth and ask him to forcefully exhale air onto its tip for 10 seconds. Children are happy to repeat this exercise, because it tickles their mouth so funny. To reinforce the skill of correctly pronouncing the letter r, you can ask your baby to roar like a lion. If you repeat this game often enough, after a while you can forget about the problem of burr forever.

The best exercises for children - pronouncing letters together: video

Has it happened that your child cannot pronounce letters? The video will clearly help with this.

A child’s speech develops throughout preschool age. It is necessary to monitor it from an early age, so that by the first grade the child’s correct pronunciation of letters is fully established. But it happens that school-age children have unclean speech.

Reasons why a child may not pronounce letters

Incorrect pronunciation of letters may be due to improper upbringing. If parents, when communicating with their child, change their voice, lisp or babble, then the baby gets used to such communication and his incorrect pronunciation of letters is reinforced.

Therefore, you need to speak to your child in correct and clear language. Immediately stop the slightest shortcomings in your baby’s speech, because with age it will be several times more difficult to correct them.

Wrong attitude towards spoken language. There is an opinion that learning to speak occurs without intervention from adults. But if parents do not participate in the process of development of the child’s speech, then over time the child’s lag in speech development will begin to appear.

Teaching a child to pronounce sounds

There are many different techniques for correct speech production of a baby. But many parents do not know how to teach their child to pronounce letters at home, and therefore immediately turn to speech therapists for help. Although this problem can often be solved at home. You just need to approach the organization of classes correctly. Parents should remember that they should not overload the baby; the duration of each lesson should not exceed 15 minutes. If the child shows reluctance to study, postpone the lessons for a while. By forcing a child to pronounce letters by force, you can forever discourage him from speaking correctly and learning in general.

Before each lesson, it is necessary to sit the child down, making sure that he sits upright. All distracting objects are removed, the TV is turned off. An excellent option would be to practice in front of a mirror so that the child can see not only the articulation of the adult sitting in front of him, but also his own.

Exercises for pronouncing sounds

Initially, it is recommended to prepare cards that will depict animals and objects that have problematic letters at the beginning, middle or end. You need to observe whether the pronunciation of a complex letter always turns out to be problematic, or in some positions.

• “Rails” (when the tongue must “ride” along the inside of the upper teeth).
• “Silence” (repeat the sound “t-sss” several times, stretching the letter “S”).

To reinforce the letter, you need to choose pictures or words where the letter “C” is present: sleigh, sieve, belt, sun, light. You can use sentences: Sasha sows seeds or poems:

"It's dark in the forest,

Everyone has been sleeping for a long time.

One owl doesn't sleep

She’s sitting on a branch.”

2. Letter "Z" is a brother of “S”, only voiced. Therefore, to teach a child to pronounce the letter “Z”, you need to pronounce “s” only by raising your voice. Show your baby by raising your hand to his throat how the muscles tense, making ringing sounds. We fix the letter with words: hare, animal, tooth, star, as well as sentences: A bunny in winter is like a small animal.

3. The letter "C" can be mastered by resorting to the “Silence” exercise, only you need to pronounce not “t-sss”, but “ts-ts-ts”. We fix it with words: heron, chicken, chain, pizza, and sentences: What color is the bird?

4. Reprimand the letter "SH" You can use a little trick: ask the child to pronounce the letter “c”, and use a spoon to lift the baby’s tongue to the sky. The sound will be “sh”. The letter is fixed with the words: awl, whisper, ears, noise; sentences: Our Masha rustles; and also in verse:

"Dear bear,
Nice bear,
All made of plush
Our bear is sewn.”

5. The same trick can be done with the letters “z” and “z”. Pin letter "F" you need words: beetle, hedgehog, toad. And also in sentences: Zhanna is waiting for a book.

6. To master letter "H", ask the baby to say “tut-tut”, while pressing on the baby’s cheeks with your fingers. Then you will hear the cherished “h”. To reinforce the letter, ask your child to say the words: tea, turtle, daughter, ball; suggestions: Clean the siskin's bathtub.

7. The most common problem for parents is the problem of the letters “R” and “L”. Techniques and exercises to solve this problem are aimed at teaching the child to growl without swallowing complex letters and without replacing the complex “r” with the easier “l”:

“Horse” - together with your child, imitate the clicking and clattering of a horse’s hooves.

“Brush your teeth with your tongue” - ask your baby to smile widely. Then you need to run your tongue along the inner surface of the upper teeth. Make sure that the child's lower jaw remains motionless.

“Tease” - the child is invited to tease. To do this, the relaxed tongue sticks out and dangles up and down. The teasing is accompanied by a growl.

Special attention in teaching the letters “P” or “L” is paid to tongue twisters:

• The Greek was driving across the river, he saw the Greek: there was cancer in the river.
• There is grass in the yard, there is firewood on the grass: one, two, three there is firewood.
• The brave man ate thirty-three pies, all of them with cottage cheese.
• You can’t say all the tongue twisters quickly.

Secrets to help quickly teach your child to pronounce letters

In addition to direct exercises with the child’s speech muscles and exercises to teach complex letters, it is necessary to pay attention to the development fine motor skills. Together with your child, sort out the cereals, string beads on a string, and sculpt them from plasticine or dough. And most importantly: while working, do not be silent. Tell your child fairy tales, nursery rhymes or tongue twisters.

Another secret is to teach your child to repeat the letter “D” often. By pronouncing this magic letter, the muscles of the tongue are trained, it is positioned correctly in the mouth, and with constant training, the child will learn to pronounce the complex letter “r”.

When should parents “sound the alarm” and contact a speech therapist?

If a child cannot master the pronunciation of sounds for a long time, it is necessary to seek help from a speech therapist. Since there are cases when the inability to pronounce certain letters is explained physiological characteristics child. Thus, an incorrect bite can cause burr or lisp. In such situations, the doctor may prescribe special exercises or surgery, depending on the causes of speech difficulties. Also, a speech therapist as a professional can find other reasons for poor pronunciation and work with them on a more serious level than parents.

When pronouncing the sound “sh” correctly, the tongue should occupy a certain position in the mouth. It is spread wide, and the tip is raised towards the hard palate, and forms a gap with it behind the upper teeth. The lateral edges of the tongue are pressed against the upper incisors.

How to teach a child to say the letter “w” at home - do tongue exercises with him

If the baby cannot pronounce the sound correctly, articulation gymnastics is needed. For home exercises, special exercises are used that train the speech apparatus. The child should perform them in front of the mirror to see how he can repeat what his mother shows:

• “fence” - the baby must close his teeth and show his mother what kind of “fence” he has made;
• “tube” - the child stretches his lips forward like a tube, then quickly alternates between the “tube” and “fence” exercises;
• “lazy tongue” - the tongue needs to be stuck out of the mouth and placed on the lower lip, completely relaxed;
• “bucket” - we bend the relaxed tongue up and place it behind the upper teeth, blow on it, which produces the sound “sh”.

In addition to the basic exercises given, you can use others. When the child can easily and correctly repeat all the tasks, they move on to making the sound “sh”.

Lessons on making the sound “sh”

A child's education cannot be achieved without play. First you need to check your attentiveness and clarity of perception. Say words with and without the letter “sh” in any order. Invite your child to clap his hands when he hears words that contain the sound “sh”.

Be sure to praise your child for his successes.

Ask your child to use his hand to depict a hissing snake, which must follow the drawn labyrinth to the goal.

Children have various problems with many letters in the process of speech formation. One of the most common difficulties is setting the sh sound. Typically, children find it difficult to pronounce hissing sounds for the reason that they cannot relax the tongue and position it in the required shape, which is required by the correct articulation of the sound sh.

The main reason that a child cannot speak hissing sounds correctly is the way the parents communicate with the baby. Many adults deliberately copy the speech of a child, speaking to him in a childish way. Thus, the child hears the incorrect pronunciation and gets used to precisely this manner of producing the sound sh. That is why experts strongly recommend that parents speak to their children correctly.

In addition to the parental desire to imitate baby babble, some structural features of the articulatory apparatus play an important role in the production of the sound sh, which include the following points:

• tongue movement is limited due to the shortened hyoid ligament;
• Articulation is affected by the size of the lips (too thin or full) and the size of the tongue (too big or small);
• dental anomalies;
• disruption of the auditory canal.

In most cases, a violation of the sound production of w can be quite easily corrected at home with regular and careful work with the child. In some cases, children who have problems pronouncing hissing words will be helped by a speech therapist.

Articulation

The key to good pronunciation is the correct articulation of the sounds sh and zh. To teach a child to pronounce the letters sh and z correctly, it is necessary to study one method of articulation, since the speech apparatus works almost identically when pronouncing both letters.
So, in order to correctly pronounce the letter w, it is necessary to work with the articulatory apparatus as follows:

• the baby's lips should be slightly pushed forward in the shape of a tube;
• the tip of the tongue is raised to the palate so that a small gap remains between them;
• the lateral edges of the child’s tongue are pressed against the upper outer teeth, giving the tongue the shape of a cup;
• a stream of air easily passes through the unused vocal cords, creating the necessary sound.

In order to understand how to teach a child to say the letter z, it is necessary to resort to the articulation described above, while connecting the vibrations of the vocal cords.
Regular exercises for making sounds are very important. These exercises can be done with a speech therapist or at home.

Exercises

Experts have developed special speech therapy exercises for the sound zh and sh to help children learn to pronounce it correctly. This technique includes many different exercises. Below are the most effective and popular ones used among speech therapists.

Spatula

This exercise for making the sound sh is aimed at relaxing the tongue. You need to open your mouth and smile. In a relaxed smile, extend your tongue forward and place the tip in a relaxed position on your lower lip. The side walls of the front of the tongue gently touch the corners of the mouth.

It is important to maintain this position without tension for several seconds. This exercise is basic for such a problem as producing hissing sounds, including the letters zh and sh.

Pie

The “Pie” task must be used to strengthen the muscles of the tongue, as well as to develop mobility of the lateral walls of the tongue. As in the previous exercise, the mouth is open in a smile, the tongue lies on the lower lip. Without straining your lips, it is necessary to lift the side walls of the tongue so that a depression is formed along the central axis of the tongue.

You need to hold this position for 5 to 10 seconds.

Swing

“Swing” is used to make a child’s tongue more mobile. The initial position of the articulatory apparatus is as follows: an open and relaxed smile on the lips, the tongue lies wide and flat (do not allow it to become narrow).

Tongue movements are performed alternately:

• first, to produce the sound w, a wide and flat tongue is stretched towards the ceiling, after which it is directed towards the floor;
• then the tongue moves first to upper lip, then to the bottom;
• you need to put your tongue between your upper lip and upper teeth, and also do the same with your lower lip and teeth;
• then the tongue touches the upper and lower incisors;
• at the end you need to touch the wide tip of your tongue to the alveoli behind the lower row of teeth, and then behind the upper one.

The tongue moves through the teeth

This task is useful for making the sound w because it well develops the baby’s ability to control his tongue. To complete this task you need to open your mouth and relax your smiling lips. Using the wide tip of your tongue, touch the lower dentition from the side of the tongue, and then from the side of the lip.

Painter

This task for working on the letters zh and sh helps, first of all, to strengthen control over the production of the tongue. It also allows the baby to feel how to direct the tongue in top part mouth

It is necessary to open your mouth slightly in a half-smile, relax your lips and fix the lower jaw in one position. Next, imagine that the tip of the tongue is a paint brush, and the sky is the ceiling that needs to be painted. In order to do this, you need to stroke the palate with your tongue from the larynx to the teeth and into reverse direction, preventing the tongue from leaving the mouth.

The above exercises for producing the sounds sh and z should be performed regularly. At the same time, parental control over exactly how the baby performs the exercise is very important - it is important to control the correct fixation of the jaw, the position of the lips and the movements of the tongue.

In order to speak the sound sh without problems, you need not only articulation, but also automation.

Automation

For the correct pronunciation of complex sounds, both staging and automation of sound are equally important. If the sound sh has already been set using speech therapy exercises, you can move on to fixing the sound, that is, to automation.

Automation of the sound w is carried out by practicing the sound itself, syllables with this sound, and then words, sentences and texts. The production of hissing sounds receives particular benefit from working with pure sayings, rhymes, proverbs, etc.

• The letter w in syllables and words.

Naughty, Chess, Scarf; RUSH, CHOCOLATE, SHORTS, SILK, WHISPER, WALK; JOKE, NOISE, FUR COAT; Latitude, Bump, Sewing; SIX, SHELEST, SIX, etc.

• The letter z in syllables and words.

HEAT, PITY, TOAD; ZHOR, ZHongler, JOKEY; ACORN, YELLOW, Perch; Crane, Beetle, Horror; ANIMAL, LIFE, ANIMAL; IRON, WIFE, JAUNDICE, etc.

• Automation of the sound sh with reading phrases.

MASHA feeds the baby.

In summer it is good to walk down the street.

PASHA and DASHA gave porridge to the baby.

GLASHA wrote a poem about OUR BABY.

Our songs about a bowl of porridge are good.

Speak in a whisper: the haircuts are still sleeping near the swift.

I'm lying on the couch by the window.

Misha, give me a donut and tell me a fairy tale.

OUR NATASHA is more beautiful than all the girls.

• Nursery rhymes will also help you pronounce the sh sound correctly.

A miner walked out of the mine
With a wicker basket,
And in the basket there is a ball of wool.
Our Dasha's miner found a puppy.
Dasha dances and jumps on the spot:
“How good! I have a friend!
I'll bake him a pie
I’ll sit down to sew him a fur coat and a hat -
My black puppy will be happy."

Correct operation of the articulatory apparatus and careful consolidation of the studied sounds are the only correct methods of sound production.

So that the child understands how to pronounce correctly complex sounds, it is necessary not only to perform special exercises, but also to monitor the correctness of your own speech.

If you regularly work with your child on making sounds, you will soon be able to forget about the problem of how to teach your child to say the letter w.

One can understand the excitement of parents who suddenly discover that their preschool child speaks some sounds of their native language poorly or not at all. In this case, they are faced with the problem of how to teach the child correct sound pronunciation? Is this acceptable at home? Experts say that parents can do a lot to help a preschooler master correct sound pronunciation. You just need to have certain knowledge: about the causes of poor pronunciation, ways to correct it, ways to teach correct diction.

Causes of poor sound pronunciation

According to speech therapy standards, correct pronunciation should be formed by the average preschool age. However, even older preschoolers experience diction disorders. Experts provide evidence that children find it most difficult to pronounce hissing sounds: sh, zh, ch, shch. Imperfect diction can manifest itself in incorrect pronunciation of a sound, replacing one with another (machine-masyn), or skipping it. Experts identify the main reasons for poor pronunciation. These include the structure of the speech apparatus, insufficient perception, and the attitude of parents.

Features of physiology

• inactivity of the articulatory apparatus;
• improperly formed bite,
• short frenulum of the tongue,
• high palate.

Immaturity of phonemic perception

• The preschooler does not distinguish individual sounds by ear and replaces them.

Adult misbehavior

• They give the baby a pacifier for too long, especially during the period when speech is developing ( early age);
• prolonged use of a pacifier leads to the formation of a malocclusion, which affects the pronunciation of many sounds, especially hissing sounds;
• deliberate distortion of speech by adults in order, in their opinion, to become understandable to the baby;
• dissatisfaction with the preschooler’s diction and the requirement to speak clearly, without teaching correct articulation;
• possible hearing loss not noticed by parents.

How can you test a preschooler’s speech at home?

Having determined that a preschooler cannot speak hissing words, parents should contact a specialist. At home, they can also examine the child’s speech to understand which sibilants are distorted. According to speech therapy rules, the examination begins with a separate pronunciation of a certain sound, then it is pronounced in syllables, words, and only then in sentences. For example:

1. The parent, asking the child to reproduce the hissing words sh, zh, ch, shch, pronounces them slowly and clearly. It is more interesting to offer a game form in the form of speech exercises: “The snake hissed: sh-sh-sh”, “The bee buzzed: w-w-w.”
2. To check the state of sound in syllables, the baby is encouraged to repeat syllables, for example, shi-zhi, cha-sha, zhu-shu, chu-shu, ash-azh, ach-ashch, cabbage soup, chuh, shoo, whack. In this case, the sounds being tested must be at the beginning, middle, and end of the syllable.
3. The next step is to check the pronunciation of sounds in words. For interest, pictures are used where objects are drawn for a given sound (cone, giraffe, hut, teapot, pike and others). In this case, you can use speech therapy visual material, or you can choose pictures in children’s books with your child. The main thing is that they comply with certain rules: hissing words must sound clearly in words, stand at the beginning, middle, end of the word (fur coat, car, reed). Using the same principle, words with other hissing words are selected: beetle, gun, skis, etc. It’s good if the examination takes place in the form game exercises. For example, “How to call it affectionately (bird-bird, goat-goat, beetle-bug, winter-winter, sun-sun)? »
4. The last stage involves checking the sound in a sentence in which several words with the sibilant being tested are selected. Pure sayings serve this purpose well, for example, “Hush, mice, don’t make noise! Don’t wake up the cat!” The classic ones are suitable for examining hissing ones: “Sasha was walking...”, “Cuckoo cuckoo...”

Important! When examining a child, you need to try to determine the cause of incorrect pronunciation in order to understand what influenced the distortion of diction.

The order of setting hissing

If a child suffers from poor pronunciation of only a specific hissing sound (sh, ch, zh, sch), it is clear that work needs to be done on producing one sound. But, as a rule, preschoolers experience distortion in the pronunciation of several sibilants at once. Then it is important for parents to know which sound to start with first. Experts determine the appropriate order and warn that each sound must be played individually, starting with the most accessible, gradually moving on to more complex ones. According to speech therapists, the order of production of several sounds depends on the physiology of preschool children: first the hissing sh is placed, then zh, then ch and shch. However, there may be changes in the sequence of production, as it all depends on individual characteristics, which only a specialist can determine.

How to properly work on developing sounds?

When setting up hissing sounds, the help of a speech therapist is undoubted. Only a specialist will professionally examine speech, identify violations and offer recommendations for correcting them in home exercises. This needs to be done as quickly as possible, since pronunciation problems interfere with children’s communication, slow down their preparation for literacy, and contribute to the emergence of related problems, for example, psychological complexes, which will have to be eliminated in the future.

Speech therapists note that often the problem when pronouncing hissing words is that the child cannot properly control the speech apparatus. That is why work on each sound must begin with. It is performed using a mirror to see and understand the work of the jaw and oral cavity. In the future, this will have a positive effect on improving phonemic hearing, and therefore on sound pronunciation.

The first stage of working on hissing is preparatory, during which special exercises should be performed (for breathing, lips, tongue). They will help you practice precise movements of the articulatory apparatus and prepare to produce certain sounds. They are performed in the form of game exercises that are easy to do at home.

Stage 1. Breathing training

Articulatory gymnastics involves practicing the movements of the lips and tongue. For her, parents can use generally accepted speech therapy games, or they can come up with similar ones themselves. To interest a preschooler, he can be involved in preparing such games: cut from light paper snowflakes, airplane propellers, boats, colorful autumn leaves. The main thing is that the adult himself is passionate about the process, then the child will also perform the exercises with interest.

Exercises for breathing development

• “Kick the ball into the goal”, a game of unusual football. A gate is built in the center of the table and cotton “balls” are made. Players from both sides blow on cotton balls so that they fly into the goal. The adult monitors the child’s correct articulatory actions: a wide smile, tongue on the lower lip.
• "Snowflakes on the nose." Invite the preschooler to blow a cotton ball off his nose using the correct movements of the jaw: a wide smile, tongue on the upper lip, blow so that the ball flies up.
• The games “Blizzard”, “Leaves are Flying”, “Ships”, “Planes” are played in the same way.

Stage 2. Gymnastics for the articulatory apparatus

Lip exercises

To warm up your lips, you can use speech therapy exercises:

• “We’ll be surprised and laugh.” The preschool child alternately makes a wide and narrow tube with his lips. A wide tube is in the “o” state, a “narrow” tube is in the “y” state. Nothing is said out loud, only the lips work.
• "Smile tube" Alternately, the child smiles widely, then makes a movement with his lips like the sound “o”.

Tongue exercises

Classic exercises are also used to train the tongue:

• “Delicious jam”, in which the tongue licks the lower lip, now to the left, now to the right.
• For the exercise “The Horse Is Galloping,” you need to “click” your tongue, imitating the horse’s step.
• “Elephant - frog”: the lips alternately imitate either an elephant’s trunk or a frog’s smile.
• “Funny swing”: use the tip of your tongue to reach the upper teeth, then move down to the lower teeth.
• “Tick-tock”: with the tip of your tongue, imitating the movements of a watch, move left and right at different speeds.
• “Paints”: “color the palate” with the tongue.

All exercises are performed up to 10 times, but it is necessary to ensure that the baby does not get tired and exercises with interest.

The preschooler will master it faster correct pronunciation hissing when carried out clearly preparatory stage, so they should not be neglected. The duration of such sessions will depend on individual development the child, the state of his articulatory apparatus. Experts advise extending them if improvement does not occur after three sessions.

Stage 3. Work on staging hissing

Important! To make a hissing sound in a preschooler, an adult should carefully examine the position of the lips and tongue with correct articulation using a mirror, and only then teach the child.

​​​​​The next stage, which involves the production of sibilants, requires an established order: first, the sound is fixed in syllables, words, and lastly in sentences. You can use different methods for this:

• Repetition of pure sayings, tongue twisters, proverbs, learning small poems that contain hissing sounds. To reinforce the free use of sound in speech, parents can encourage children to tell fairy tales, come up with short texts based on pictures, personal experience children.
• If work on sound pronunciation begins with a hissing “sh,” then the production of the sound “sh” involves the active involvement of preschool children in games to develop phonemic perception, for example, “Butterfly.” Children clap their hands (“catch a butterfly”) when they hear the desired sound in words (toy, baby, tire, potato).
• In order to establish the sound “zh”, you can invite the preschooler to clap for words with the sound “w”, to raise his hands up for words with the sound “zh” (reed, beetle, mouse, buzzes).
• You can easily learn to say the sound “sch” if the sound “sh” is already well established. Parents can use the production of “sh” by imitation, similar to games with the sound “sh” (puppy, sorrel, looking). The game “Exaggeration” helps well: an adult throws a ball with a certain word, a preschooler “returns” the word in an exaggerated form (eyes-eyes, cat-cat, mustache-whiskers, teeth-teeth).
• With older preschoolers, parents can play the game “Guess where the sound is?” For which you need to choose words with a hissing sound in different positions. To maintain interest, cards of different colors are selected to indicate the beginning, middle, and end of the word. Then preschoolers need to concentrate and not mix up the colors.
• Word creation is widely used to establish sound pronunciation. The game “Say the Phrase” is very popular with children, as it involves the production of sounds and the overall development of speech. The adult comes up with a syllable, the child adds a sentence to the rhyme:

Zha-zha-zha,
We caught a snake.
Sha-sha-sha,
Mom feeds the baby.
Cha-cha-cha
This is our dacha.
Right now
Birch grove.

Phrases with other syllables are invented in the same way.

Producing the sounds of the native language is necessary not only for the development of correct speech, but also for the formation of the personality of preschool children. If children have good sound pronunciation, it means they will be able to master the program without much difficulty kindergarten, school material.

Video with articulatory gymnastics for clear pronunciation of hissing sounds (sh, zh, sch, ch):