The social pension, unlike the insurance pension, does not compensate for the earnings lost by a citizen as a result of loss of ability to work, therefore its value is usually lower than the insurance coverage. The payment is made from the federal budget and is established by the state (?).

At what age is the social old-age pension granted? The age indicators are:

• women - from 60 years old;
• for men - from 65.

When a person reaches 80 years of age, the benefit increases.

Old-age benefits are also awarded to representatives of rare ethnic peoples of the Far North who permanently reside in the territory of their ancestors, support their culture and engage in folk crafts. They have their own age threshold for assigning payments:

• for women – 50;
• for men – 55.

Elderly people living in the Far North and belonging to rare ethnic peoples, receive government assistance ahead of schedule due to difficult climatic conditions in the territory of their residence.

There are also a number of conditions under which these payments can be assigned:

A social pension cannot be assigned for old age if a citizen has work experience, registered as an individual entrepreneur or officially working.

To all those who were officially employed and paid contributions to the Pension Fund, an insurance pension is assigned.

Nevertheless, a citizen can refuse it in favor of a social one. However, most often this need does not arise, since the amount of this payment is significantly less than the labor payment.

About the minimum size social pension and its differences from labor read.

How long does it take for citizens to receive it?

The period for granting old-age benefits differs from the period for establishing insurance coverage. And the period during which payments are made is the same for these types of pensions. are established for the entire period of life, like insurance ones.

Old-age benefits may stop being paid in the following cases:

The recipient of the money must immediately notify the Pension Fund of these changes so that the accrual of funds stops.

Social benefits based on length of service

Another is superannuation. It is not social, but payments are also allocated from the federal budget. This benefit is assigned to citizens who have accumulated work experience in certain fields. The period worked provides an opportunity to retire early and receive financial compensation for length of service.

This pension is received by:

1. Civil servants who have worked for 15 years. Moreover, they must hold the position of a civil servant for at least 12 months without a break.
2. Medical workers. The length of service for those who live in the city is 30 years, for those who work in rural areas - 25.
3. . The condition for receiving payments for persons serving in the armed forces is to serve in the army of the Russian Federation or the USSR for 20 years. You can also apply for a long-service pension upon reaching 45 years of age.
4. Teachers and educators. The required minimum service life is 25 years.
5. Employees of correctional institutions, internal affairs bodies, the Ministry of Emergency Situations, and drug control also have the right to retire at the age of 45 or after having accumulated 20 years of service.
6. Pilots and astronauts. Experience for women is 20 years, for men – 25.

State payments for length of service are established depending on the period labor activity, her character, region of residence and position held.

How much experience do you need?

How much experience is needed? The peculiarity of the appointment of old-age benefits is that No work experience is required to obtain it. It is provided to those who, for some reason, were unable to work during their lifetime and lost the right to receive an insurance pension.

If the labor pension is formed from employer contributions paid during the entire working period of the person, then the amount of the social monthly old-age benefit is set at a fixed amount.

Will they issue it if there is none?

Will a person receive benefits if he has no work experience? Initially, this type of benefit was introduced with the aim of providing material support to vulnerable categories of citizens who had lost the opportunity to work and receive labor payments.

There can be many reasons why a person has not been able to accumulate work experience throughout his life: illness, caring for a disabled person, incapacity, etc. However, the Federal Law “On State Pension Provision” does not say anything about the reasons why there may be no work experience.

Based on this, a person who has worked unofficially all his life can apply for old-age benefits along with citizens who did not work for good reasons.

A social pension is assigned to everyone who meets the conditions for receiving it, including citizens who have no work experience.

It is a monthly social benefit financed by the state budget, which is assigned to unemployed persons without insurance coverage. Unlike insurance benefits, the age for entering social security is later than the generally established age retirement age for five years.

Video on the topic

You can learn from the video at what age a social old-age pension is awarded and how much work experience is needed to receive it:

Federal Law dated December 15, 2001 “On state pension provision in the Russian Federation”).

Amount of social pension (from January 1, 2018)

The size of the social pension for disabled personnel is established in accordance with Art. 18 of the Federal Law of December 15, 2001 “On state pension provision in the Russian Federation.”

Social pension for disabled citizens assigned in the following amount:

1) 5,034 rubles 25 kopecks per month:

• citizens from among small peoples North, who have reached the age of 55 and 50 years (men and women, respectively),
• citizens who have reached the age of 65 and 60 years (men and women, respectively),
• disabled people of group II (except for disabled people since childhood),
• children under the age of 18, as well as older than this age, studying full-time in the main educational programs in organizations that carry out educational activities, until they complete such training, but no longer than until they reach the age of 23, who have lost one of their parents;

2) 12 082 ruble 6 kopecks per month:

• disabled people of group I since childhood and disabled children;

3) 10,068 rubles 53 kopecks per month:

• disabled people of group I,
• disabled people from childhood, group II,
• children under the age of 18, as well as over this age, studying full-time in basic educational programs in organizations engaged in educational activities, until they complete such training, but no longer than until they reach the age of 23 years, who lost both parents(children of a deceased single mother),
• children whose both parents are unknown;

3) 4,279 rubles 14 kopecks per month:

• disabled people of group III.

Amounts of pensions for citizens living in the Far North and equivalent areas, in areas with severe climatic conditions that require additional material and physiological costs for citizens living there, determined by the Government Russian Federation, are increased by the corresponding regional coefficient established by the Government of the Russian Federation depending on the area (locality) of residence, for the entire period of residence of the specified citizens in the specified areas (localities). When citizens leave these districts (localities) for a new permanent place of residence, the size of the pension is determined without taking into account the regional coefficient.

The size of the social old-age pension for citizens who have reached the age of 65 and 60 years (men and women, respectively) who were recipients of a labor pension for disability cannot be less than the size of the labor pension for disability, which was established for these citizens as of the day on which they the payment of the specified labor disability pension was stopped due to reaching this age.

Everyone knows that an elderly person is someone who is no longer young, who is beginning to grow old. Then irreversible changes occur in the human body. However, graying hair, wrinkles and shortness of breath do not always indicate the onset of old age. But how to determine the very age when a person can be classified as an elderly person?

Different times - different opinions?

It was once believed that old age was when a person was over 20. We remember many striking historical examples when young people got married barely reaching the age of 12-13 years. By the standards of 20 years old, she was considered an old woman. However, today is not the Middle Ages. Much has changed.

Later, this figure changed several times and twenty-year-old people began to be considered young. It is this age that symbolizes the beginning of independent life, which means blossoming, youth.

Modern views on age

In modern society, everything is somehow changing again. And today, most young people, without hesitation, will classify as elderly those who have barely crossed the thirty-year mark. Proof of this is the fact that employers are quite wary of applicants over 35. And what can we say about those who have crossed 40?

But it would seem that by this age a person acquires a certain self-confidence and life experience, including professional one. At this age, he has a firm position in life and clear goals. This is the age when a person is able to realistically assess his own strengths and be responsible for his own actions. And suddenly, the sentence sounds: “Elderly.” At what age can an individual be considered elderly, we will try to figure it out.

Age limits

Representatives of the Russian Academy medical sciences they say that in lately There have been noticeable changes in determining the biological age of a person. To study these and many other changes occurring in humans, there is the World Health Organization - WHO. Thus, the WHO classification of human age says the following:

• in the range from 25 to 44 years - a person is young;
• in the range from 44 to 60 - has middle age;
• from 60 to 75 - people are considered elderly;
• from 75 to 90 - these are already representatives of old age.

All those who are lucky enough to cross this level are considered long-livers. Unfortunately, few live to 90, much less 100. The reason for this is various diseases to which a person is susceptible, the environmental situation, as well as living conditions.

So what happens? That old age according to the WHO classification has become significantly younger?

What sociological research shows

Midlife crisis. What is his threshold today?

Everyone is well aware of such a concept as And who can answer the question about at what age it most often occurs? Before defining this age, let's understand the concept itself.

Here, a crisis is understood as a moment when a person begins to rethink values, beliefs, evaluates the life he has lived and his actions. Probably, such a period in life begins precisely when a person has lived years, experience, mistakes and disappointments behind him. Therefore, this period of life is often accompanied by emotional instability, even deep and prolonged depression.

The onset of such a crisis is inevitable; it can last from several months to several years. And its duration depends not only on individual characteristics a person and on his life lived, but also on his profession, family situation and other factors. Many emerge victorious from this life conflict. And then middle age does not give way to aging. But it also happens that people who have grown old and lost interest in life, who have not yet reached 50 years, emerge from this battle.

What the World Health Organization says

As we have already discussed above, elderly age according to the WHO classification falls in the range from 60 to 75 years. According to the results of sociological research, representatives of this age category are young at heart and are not at all going to consider themselves old people. By the way, according to the same studies conducted ten years ago, everyone who reached the age of 50 or more was considered elderly. The current WHO age classification shows that these are middle-aged people. And it is absolutely possible that this category will only get younger.

Few people in their youth think about what age is considered old. And only over the years, crossing one milestone after another, do people understand that at any age “life is just beginning.” Only after accumulating vast life experience do people begin to think about how to prolong their youth. Sometimes it turns into a real battle with age.

Signs of aging

According to WHO, it is characterized by the fact that people experience a decrease in vital activity. What does this mean? Elderly people become inactive, acquire a lot of chronic diseases, their attentiveness decreases, and their memory deteriorates.

However, old age according to the WHO classification is not just an age range. Researchers have long come to the conclusion that the aging process occurs in two directions: physiological and psychological.

Physiological aging

As for physiological aging, it is most understandable and noticeable to others. Because certain irreversible changes occur in the human body, which are noticeable to him, as well as to those around him. Everything in the body changes. The skin becomes dry and flabby, which leads to wrinkles appearing. Bones become brittle and this increases the likelihood of fractures. Hair becomes discolored, breaks and often falls out. Of course, for people trying to maintain their youth, many of these problems are solvable. There are various cosmetic preparations and procedures that, when used correctly and regularly, can mask visible changes. But these changes will still become noticeable sooner or later.

Psychological aging

Psychological aging may not be so noticeable to others, but this is not always the case. Older people often experience dramatic character changes. They become inattentive, irritable, and get tired quickly. And this often happens precisely because they observe the manifestation of physiological aging. They are unable to influence the body and because of this they often experience deep spiritual drama.

So what age is considered elderly?

Due to the fact that each person’s body has its own characteristics, such changes occur differently for everyone. And physiological and psychological aging does not always occur simultaneously. Strong-willed people, optimists, are able to accept their age and maintain an active lifestyle, thereby slowing down physiological aging. Therefore, answering the question of what age is considered elderly can sometimes be quite difficult. After all, the number of years lived is not always an indicator of a person’s condition.

Often people who monitor their health feel the first changes in their body and try to adapt to them and reduce their negative manifestations. If you regularly take care of your health, it is possible to delay the approach of old age. Therefore, those people who fall into the “old age” category according to the WHO classification may not always feel like such. Or, on the contrary, those who overcome the 65-year mark consider themselves ancient old people.

Therefore, it would be useful to once again remember what folk wisdom says: “A person is only as old as he feels.”

In the CIS countries, men who live to the age of 60 will live on average another 14-15 years, women - 20-21 years, but more often alone

A number of CIS countries are characterized by a significant excess of male mortality over female mortality, as a result of which in older age groups There is a significant predominance of women.

Over the twenty-year period of existence of the CIS, life expectancy for women has increased in all countries of the Commonwealth. The most significant increase in life expectancy at the birth of girls, by 2-3 years, according to national statistical services, was in Azerbaijan (from 74.2 years in 1989 to 76.5 years in 2011), Armenia (from 74.7 to 77.5), Moldova (from 72.3 to 75.0), Tajikistan (from 71.7 to 74.8 in 2009), Uzbekistan (from 72.1 to 75.1 in 2011). In other countries, the growth was less significant: in Kyrgyzstan - from 72.4 to 73.7 years, in Kazakhstan - from 73.1 to 73.8 years, in Belarus - from 76.4 to 76.7 years. In Russia and Ukraine the indicator for many years remained at the level of 75-76 years.

Over the same period, life expectancy at birth for men in the countries of Transcaucasia and Central Asia also increased significantly. In Azerbaijan it increased from 66.6 years in 1989 to 71.2 years in 2011, in Armenia - from 69.0 to 70.7 years, in Kyrgyzstan - from 64.3 to 65.7 years, in Tajikistan - from 66.8 to 69.7 years, in Uzbekistan - from 66.0 to 70.6 years. Less significant increases were observed in Kazakhstan (from 63.9 years in 1989 to 64.2 years in 2011) and Moldova (from 65.5 years to 67.1 years). In Ukraine, the life expectancy of men at birth was 66 years in 2011, which practically corresponds to the level of 1989; in Russia and Belarus the values ​​of the indicators are slightly lower - 64-65 years (Table 1).

At all ages, life expectancy for women is higher than for men. Particularly significant differences in life expectancy between men and women are characteristic of Russia, Belarus, Ukraine and, to a lesser extent, Kazakhstan. Now they have decreased in Russia and Belarus to 12 years at birth, although back in 2005 they exceeded 12 years, and in Russia even 13 years.

Men who have reached the age of 65 will have to live, on average, from 11.9 years in Belarus and Kazakhstan to 14.1 years in Armenia, and women who have reached the same age will live from 15.5 years in Kazakhstan to 17. 1 year in Belarus.

Table 1. Life expectancy for men and women who have reached a certain age, number of years

	Years	Men who have reached the age, years				Women who have reached the age, years
Azerbaijan
Belarus
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Moldova

Sources: On the demographic situation in the Commonwealth countries in 2011. // Statistics of the CIS / Statistical Bulletin, No. 10, 2012. pp. 11-39..

According to UN experts, life expectancy at the age of 60 years for men in the CIS countries in 2010-2015 ranges from 14 years in Belarus and Kazakhstan to 18 years in Armenia, but in most countries, including the most populous Russia, it does not exceed 15 years (Fig. 6). In all countries it is noticeably higher for women, amounting to 19-21 years. In general, we can say that in the CIS countries, men who live to the age of 60 will live on average another 14-15 years, and women - 20-21 years.

Figure 6. Life expectancy at the age of 60 years in the CIS countries, according to the average version of UN forecast calculations in 2010, 2010-2015, years

Source

Since women have a longer life expectancy than men, the majority of the elderly population is female. The ratio of men to women in the population aged 60 years and older is, according to estimates for 2012, from 53 men per 100 women in Belarus and Russia to 79 in Uzbekistan, and for those aged 80 years and older - from 32 to 54 in the same countries ( Fig. 7). Globally, the sex ratio in the elderly population is more balanced: for every 100 women aged 60 years and older there are, on average, 84 men of the same age, and for those aged 80 years and older there are 61.

Figure 7. Number of men per 100 women in older age groups in the CIS countries, 2012

Source: United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2012). Population Ageing and Development 2012 / Wallchart ST/ESA/SER.A/323.

As a result of gender imbalance, which increases in older age groups, older men are much more likely to live with a spouse than their peers with a spouse. This is due to a number of factors: not only the higher life expectancy of women, but also the predominant choice of younger women as wives, and a higher likelihood for men to remarry after the death of their spouse or divorce from her.

According to UN estimates, 81% of men 60 years of age and older are currently married, including consensual, and only 50% of women of the same age. Among the CIS countries, the indicator for men is close to the world average - it ranges from 76% of men 60 years and older in Kyrgyzstan to 83% in Uzbekistan, and for women is slightly lower, ranging from 35% of women 60 years and older in Kyrgyzstan to 46 % in Tajikistan (Fig. 8). The largest differences in the marital status of older men and women - by 46 percentage points - are observed in Uzbekistan, the smallest - by 35 percentage points - in Tajikistan.

Figure 8. Proportion of married men and women aged 60 years and older in the CIS countries*, %

* To fig. 8-9: Azerbaijan and Kyrgyzstan - data refer to 2005 and later years, for other countries - up to 2004 inclusive

Source: United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2012). Population Ageing and Development 2012 / Wallchart ST/ESA/SER.A/323.

Marital status has a significant psycho-emotional and economic impact on the well-being of older people, especially those with poor health or disabilities, determining living conditions, opportunities for care, support and supervision. Most single elderly people are widowed, others are divorced from their spouses, and only a small proportion have never been married.

Separate (independent) living - only with a spouse, without children or alone - is more typical for older people in developed countries; this phenomenon is not typical for least developed countries.

In developed countries, the proportion of people living independently among the population 60 years of age and older is almost three times higher than in developing countries - 75% among men, 73% among women living in developed countries, versus 28% and 25% among the same age and sex groups in developing countries. Among the CIS countries, the proportion of men living only with a spouse or alone ranges from 18% of men 60 years of age and older in Uzbekistan to 70% in Belarus, and among women of the same age - from 19% in Uzbekistan and Azerbaijan to 65% in Belarus (Fig. . 9).

Available data suggest that as the population ages, the proportion of older people living alone is increasing. And while many older people remain socially active and able to support themselves independently, loneliness means for many a higher risk of social isolation and economic deprivation, especially if they are ill or disabled. Due to higher rates of survival to older ages and a lower likelihood of remarriage, older women are more likely to live alone than men. Globally, the proportion of people living alone among women aged 60 and over is 19%, and among men of the same age it is 11%. In developed countries, the proportion of people living alone reaches 33% among older women, while among men of the same age it is half as much – 16%.

The results of the 2010 All-Russian Population Census show a similar picture for Russia: the share of people living alone among women 60 years of age and older is 32%, and among men of the same age - 14%. However, the share of older people living separately - alone or with a spouse - is somewhat lower, since 66% of women and 61% of men aged 60 years and older live in private households consisting of 1-2 people.

Figure 9. Proportion of people living separately (independently) - only with a spouse or alone - among men and women 60 years of age and older in the CIS countries, %

Source: United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2012). Population Ageing and Development 2012 / Wallchart ST/ESA/SER.A/323.

5 675

Raising the retirement age in Russia up to 65 years for men and 60 years for women started on January 1, 2019 and will continue step by step. Retirement period will increase annually in 1 year increments(cm. ). At the same time, for those who were supposed to retire under the old law in the next 2 years (in 2019 and 2020), there will be an opportunity to retire early ( 6 months earlier new retirement age).

The retirement age will be increased for 5 years. Accordingly, already in 2023 it will be 65 and 60 years. According to , the first to retire at this maximum age will be in 2028, men born in 1963 and women born in 1968. There are no plans to further increase the retirement age, and in subsequent years Russians will continue to retire when they reach 65 and 60 years of age. Such parameters of the pension reform are provided for by Law No. 350-FZ adopted on October 3, 2018 (the text can be found below):

Let us recall that initially the Government proposed fixing the generally established period of working capacity for men at the age of 65, for women - up to 63 years(i.e. increase relative to the current standards by 5 and 8 years, respectively). After this, the President ordered to reduce the retirement age for women by 3 years - to 60 years.

Taking into account the parameters of the reform, raising the retirement age will affect almost all Russians who will not yet have time to retire by 2019 according to the old standards still in force in 2018 - 60 years for men and 55 years for women (with the exception of some preferential categories of working citizens, who will not be affected by this reform at all).

New law adopted will not affect in any way for current pensioners, as well as persons who already have the right to receive an insurance pension before the end of 2018. On the contrary - the Government notes that they are the main beneficiaries of the ongoing reform - such a painful change for Russians will allow in 2019-2024. increase pensions annually on average 1000 rubles(that is, indexation will be carried out higher than now - that is, initially higher than the inflation rate over the past year).

How will the retirement age be raised?

Taking into account the mitigation measures proposed by President V. Putin, The retirement age will be raised gradually- with an increase in the “period of working capacity” of Russians annually for 1 year, with the exception of 2019 and 2020, when preferential registration will be provided pension payments- 6 months earlier due date. This increase will be carried out until the new generally established values ​​are reached - 60 years for women and 65 years for men (in 2023).

The schedule according to which the retirement age in Russia will be adjusted from 2019 (according to the signed law No. 350-FZ of October 3, 2018) is presented in the table:

Retirement under the old law	Increase relative to old standards	Retirement age	Year of retirement according to new standards
	women/men
I half of 2019	+ 0,5	55.5 / 60.5	II half of 2019
II half of 2019	+ 0,5	55.5 / 60.5	I half of 2020
I half of 2020	+ 1,5	56.5 / 61.5	II half of 2021
II half of 2020	+ 1,5	56.5 / 61.5	I half of 2022
2021	+ 3	58 / 63	2024
2022	+ 4	59 / 64	2026
2023, etc.	+ 5	60 / 65	2028, etc.

Thus, from 2019 a period of transitional provisions will begin lasting 5 years for men and women, during which the period of working capacity will increase. The final age values, according to the law, will be established for them in 2023.

Retirement table by year of birth

As noted earlier, the adjustments presented in the law will affect all citizens who were supposed to begin retiring on January 1, 2019. This means that these measures will generally affect men born in 1959 and women born in 1964 and younger.

Since the new law provides for transitional provisions for 5 years (see table above), during these years, not the final (65/60 years) will be established for citizens, but intermediate value of retirement age. In total, the transition period will include men born 1959-1962 and women born 1964-1967 The corresponding schedule for the gradual increase in retirement age is given in the table below:

Women		Men		Year of retirement
Date of birth	New retirement age	Date of birth	New retirement age	according to the old law	according to the new law
1st half of 1964	55.5	1st half of 1959	60.5	1st half of 2019	2nd half of 2019
2nd half of 1964	55.5	2nd half of 1959	60.5	2nd half of 2019	1st half of 2020
1st half of 1965	56.5	1st half of 1960	61.5	1st half of 2020	2nd half of 2021
2nd half of 1965	56.5	2nd half of 1960	61.5	2nd half of 2020	1st half of 2022
1966	58	1961	63	2021	2024
1967	59	1962	64	2022	2026
1968	60	1963	65	2023	2028

For men born in 1963 and women born in 1968 The period of working capacity will be determined by the new established values ​​- 65 and 60 years. Thus, for them and their younger compatriots, the retirement age will be increased in full - by 5 years, respectively.

Retirement table from 2019 in the Far North

According to the old law, northerners had the right to register 5 years earlier generally established period - women upon reaching 50 years of age and men at the age of 55 years. In the new law, this difference will be preserved for them, but it will be taken relative to the new retirement age (that is, taking into account the general increase by 5 years).

Those. standard age for this category of Russians will be increased to 55 and 60 years(for women and men, respectively), while a transition period will also be provided when the period of working capacity will gradually increase until the final values ​​are reached in 2023 for women and men:

Women/men		Year of retirement
Year of birth	Retirement age	according to old standards	according to the new law
1969 / 1964	50.5 / 55.5	2019	2019-2020
1970 / 1965	51.5 / 56.5	2020	2021-2022
1971 / 1966	53 / 58	2021	2024
1972 / 1967	54 / 59	2022	2026
1973 / 1968	55 / 60	2023	2028

For men born 1964-1967 and women 1969-1972 working in the Far North, intermediate values ​​of the retirement age will be established - the “working period” for them, depending on the year of birth, will be increased by 0.5-4 years. For men born in 1968 and later, and women born in 1973, the final value of the retirement dates will be established - respectively 60 and 55 years old.

At what age will teachers and health workers retire?

Previously, for early retirement it was necessary to obtain special work experience ( from 25 to 30 years depending on the place of work). After the end of the “transition period”, these categories of workers will be able to obtain the right to early registration only in 5 years after acquiring the required experience.

At the same time, the increase will also occur in stages: the deadline for early appointment is annually will be postponed for 1 year(except for the first two years - 2019 and 2020) until the final value is established in 5 years (in 2026). The corresponding changes provided for in the new law can be illustrated by the following table:

Year of acquisition of the required “special” work experience	How many years after completing work experience can you apply for a pension?	Year of retirement
2019**	0,5	2019-2020
2020**	1,5	2021-2022
2021	3	2024
2022	4	2026
2023, etc.	5	2028, etc.

Note: **- The values ​​are indicated taking into account early retirement 6 months earlier than the stipulated period - such an amendment was proposed by V. Putin and supported by the State Duma.

Thus, for those teachers and health workers who purchase the necessary funds between 2019 and 2022, retirement will be postponed for a period of 0.5 to 4 years. If you receive the necessary preferential service in 2023 and later, you will be able to retire early only in 5 years(that is, in 2028 and later, respectively).