Constitution of the Russian Federation of December 12, 1993 Art. 38 “Motherhood and childhood, the family are under state protection.”

Federal Law of December 10, 1995 No. 195 FZ “On the fundamentals of social services for the population in Russian Federation».

Federal Law of December 21, 1996 No. 159-FZ “On additional guarantees for the social protection of orphans and children left without parental care” (as amended on July 25, 03).

Federal Law of July 24, 1998 No. 124-FZ “On the Basic Guarantees of the Rights of the Child in the Russian Federation” (as amended on July 20, 2000).

Federal Law of June 24, 1999 No. 120-FZ “On the fundamentals of the system for preventing neglect and juvenile delinquency” (as amended on July 7, 2003).

Federal Law of May 19, 1995 No. 81-FZ “On State Benefits for Citizens with Children” (as amended on July 25, 2002). “It systematizes and legislates guarantees of direct material support for families in connection with the birth and upbringing of a child. In accordance with the main directions of family policy, the amount of benefits has been repeatedly increased both by changing the norms for the assignment of benefits and by increasing the minimum wage due to rising prices.”

Decree of the President of the Russian Federation “On measures for social support of large families”, dated May 5, 1992, No. 431. In which, it is said about the establishment for large families.

2. The Government of the Russian Federation shall conduct regular surveys of the standard of living and income of low-income groups of the population, including large families, in order to implement measures to provide or necessary social support.

Decree of the President of the Russian Federation dated May 14, 1996 No. 712 “On the main directions of state family policy.” “The goal of state family policy is to provide the state with the necessary conditions for the family to realize its functions and improve the family’s quality of life.”

Family Code of the Russian Federation dated December 29, 1995 No. FZ-223 (as amended on January 2, 2000). "In the Family Code great attention focused on protecting the rights of children, including those left without parental care. The responsibility of parents for the child’s receipt of basic general education and standards for protecting children from abuse in the family have been established.

Decree of the President of the Russian Federation dated 06.09.93. No. 1338 “On the prevention of neglect and delinquency of minors, the protection of their rights” (as amended by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of January 14, 2000 No. 35).

Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated 04/09/99 No. 406 “On the procedure for providing benefits for intercity travel to children in need of sanatorium-resort treatment.”

Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation 04.09.95 No. 883 “On approval of the regulations on the procedure for appointment and payments state benefits citizens with children" (ed. 14.02.02).

Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of October 26, 2000 No. 822 “On approval of the regulations on the implementation and financing of activities related to the transportation of minors who left their families without permission, orphanages, boarding schools, special educational and other children’s institutions” (as amended on July 26, 2002) ).

Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of November 27, 2000 No. 896 “On approval of model provisions on specialized institutions for minors in need of social rehabilitation.”

Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated October 3, 2002 No. 732 “On the federal target program “Children of Russia” for 2003-2005.

Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated March 29, 2002 No. 25 “On approval of recommendations for organizing the activities of specialized institutions for minors in need of social rehabilitation.” Institutions, in accordance with their charters, carry out measures to prevent neglect and social rehabilitation of minors who find themselves in difficult life situations, provide them with temporary residence (maintenance), provide assistance in the further placement of children left without parental care.

Also rendering social assistance and support for large families is also provided at the regional level.

Law of the Krasnoyarsk Territory of November 2, 2000 No. 12-961 “On the Protection of the Rights of the Child” (as amended on June 26, 2001) Which presents: guarantees and rights of the child to rest and recovery, to work, protection of the moral, physical and spiritual development of the child, guarantees the rights of the child to education, to health care, social rehabilitation of children suffering from drug addiction, social rehabilitation of minors released from prison.

Law of the Krasnoyarsk Territory of October 31, 2002 No. 4-608 “On the system for the prevention of neglect and juvenile delinquency.”

Law of the Krasnoyarsk Territory of September 18, 2001 No. 16-1478 “On social guarantees for specialists of state and municipal institutions education, healthcare, social protection of the population, culture, physical culture. Sports and Youth Affairs".

Resolution of the Mayor of Krasnoyarsk dated November 16, 1992 No. 438 “On measures for social support of large families of Krasnoyarsk.”

In connection with this resolution it follows:

2. Establish from October 1, 1992 for large families with children under the age of 18 and living with them the following benefits:

2.1. Free travel on all types of intracity transport (except taxis) for students of secondary schools.

2.2. Free meals (breakfasts, lunches) for students of general education institutions;

2.3. Free provision, in accordance with established standards, of a school uniform or a set of children’s clothing replacing it for attending school classes, as well as physical education uniform for the entire period of children’s education in a comprehensive school, minus targeted compensation for the purchase of a set school uniform or children's clothing.

2.4. A discount of 30% on the established fee for the use of utilities (water, heating, gas, electricity, fuel), taking into account family members living with them. The provided benefits are provided to families living in state, municipal, public, cooperative, public and other housing stock, as well as privately owned houses or apartments.

2.5. Admission of children to preschool is a priority.

2.6. Free entry to museums, cultural and recreational parks, and exhibitions.

2.7. Priority allocation for large families of garden plots of at least 0.15 hectares per family (within a radius of up to 40 km from the city).

3. Providing benefits. Provided for in clause 2.1, shall be carried out upon presentation of documents issued by schools; paragraphs 2.2 -2.7 - upon presentation of a certificate of a large family.

Resolution of the regional administration dated 01/06/94 No. 3-P “On the prevention of neglect and delinquency of minors, the protection of their rights”

Resolution of the regional administration dated November 16, 1999 No. 725-P “On measures to implement the Federal Law “On the fundamentals of the system for the prevention of neglect and juvenile delinquency” (as amended on December 7, 2000)

Resolution of the Legislative Assembly of the region dated 06/05/01 No. 14-1343P “On the concept of family policy, protection of the rights and legitimate interests of children, childhood support for 2001-2005.”

Resolution of the Regional Administration Council dated April 24, 2003 No. 113-P “On measures to organize recreation, health improvement, and employment of children and adolescents in 2003.”

Regional target programs:

1. Law of the Krasnoyarsk Territory dated April 22, 2003 No. 6-970 “On the regional target program “Disabled Children” for 2003-2005.”

2. Law of the Krasnoyarsk Territory dated April 22, 2003 No. 6-976 “On the regional target program “Prevention of neglect and juvenile delinquency” for 2003-2005.”

3. Law of the Krasnoyarsk Territory dated July 17, 2001 No. 15-1441 “On the regional target program “Orphans” for 2002-2004.” The main purpose of the law is prevention social orphanhood. Objectives: 1. Development of family forms of placement for orphans and children left without parental care: foster family, family educational group. 2. Formation of a system of social support and adaptation to independent life for orphans and children left without parental care.

4. Law of the Krasnoyarsk Territory dated December 5, 2000 No. 1026 “On the regional target program “Recreation, health improvement for children and adolescents of the Krasnoyarsk Territory” for 2001-2003.” (ed. 12/20/02).

5. Resolution of the Legislative Assembly of the Krasnoyarsk Territory of June 5, 2001 No. 14-1343P “On the concept of family policy, protection of the rights and legitimate interests of children, childhood support for 2001-2005.”

Thus, the content of social assistance is based on the regulatory documents of the Russian Federation. The provision of social assistance and support to large families is carried out both at the federal and regional levels. Therefore, a specialist in social work must know all federal laws, regional and city programs, regulations and orders related to supporting families with children.

Large families are considered to be those units of society in which there are 3 or more minor children of full blood, foster or officially adopted. A legislative document that includes a system of measures aimed at improving the quality of conditions for the families concerned is the Federal Law “On State Support for Large Families.”

It is also worth noting other regulations:

• Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 431 “On measures for public support of parents with many children”;
• Federal Law of December 17, 2006 No. 173 “On labor pensions on the territory of the Russian Federation."

In accordance with the main provision, every family with 3 or more minor children must receive a plot of land free of charge for individual construction. Financial support from the state can be extended after the child reaches adulthood in connection with his studies in the general education system or at a university.

Federal Law “On State Support for Large Families” No. 138-FZ was adopted by the State Duma on November 17, 1999. This bill defines a targeted and targeted system of measures for nationwide support for large families in order to increase and improve the demographic situation in the Russian Federation. The purpose of the regulatory document is to provide conditions for the full upbringing, development and education of children from large families.

The structure of the resolution consists of 3 chapters and 10 articles:

Chapter 1(Articles 1-3). Basic rules of the law. Establishes the scope of application of this document, financing and the procedure for implementing measures for nationwide support for parents with many children.

Chapter 2 (vv. 4-5). State support measures. Regulates the requirements for the care and education of children, and also provides full list rights and benefits provided to these families.

Chapter 3(vv. 6-10). Final provisions of the bill:

• Article 6. Social associations;
• Article 7. Liability for non-compliance with this law;
• Article 8. Documentation confirming powers and benefits;
• Article 9. Entry into legal force of this bill;
• Article 10. On bringing regulatory legal acts in accordance with Federal Law No. 138.

The conditions and measures for providing nationwide support are as follows: a public institution allocates living space, the total cost of which is partially covered by the state. For this purpose, subsidies or social rental contracts are provided, valid until reaching youngest child coming of age.

To receive government assistance, you must provide a package of documents:

• photocopies of each child's birth certificate;
• a photocopy of the marriage certificate if the parent is not a single parent;
• certificate of family composition;
• photocopies of parents' passports;
• a certificate from the guardianship authorities stating that the spouses are not deprived of parental rights;
• documentation confirming registration at the place of residence;
• application in a unified form.

The Federal Law on Large Families in 2011 underwent some changes. On June 14, 2011, the State Duma adopted the Federal Law “On Amendments to the Federal Law “On State Support for Large Families.”

What benefits are provided to large families by law?

According to Decree of the President of Russia No. 431 “On measures for public support of large families,” parents are entitled to the following benefits:

• discount on utility bills and compensation for fuel for home heating;
• free travel for children on school and public transport;
• enrollment in kindergarten no waiting in line;
• free school meals;
• free school uniforms and sports kits for schoolchildren;
• once a month, children have the right to visit any recreational, cultural and entertainment establishment (museum, parks, exhibitions) free of charge;
• municipal assistance to parents in establishing a business, economic, and farming structures, namely: provision of land plots, tax reductions and discounts on real estate rentals;
• exemption from payment of business registration tax;
• allocation of land plots without a queue for economic needs;
• preferential provision of building materials, vehicle and housing;
• assistance in acquiring interest-free credit, leasing and loans.

Important! The Law on Assistance to Large Families provides parents with other benefits that apply even after all children reach adulthood. Mothers have the right to retire 5 years earlier due date, if their total insurance experience is more than 15 years.

Download Federal Law 138 “On state support for large families”

The Law on Large Families also provides for social benefits in the following order:

• one-time at the birth of a child, issued at the place of work of one of the parents. For 2016, the amount of the benefit was about 16,000 thousand rubles;
• child care allowance for children up to 1.5 and three years old. The first accrual is calculated based on the mother’s average salary, that is, 40 percent of the total amount. Payment of benefits for up to three years is regulated by each region separately and is fixed for all parents with many children;
• compensation, which is associated with the increase in the cost of living on Russian territory and amounts to about 700 rubles monthly;
• additional benefits for families with 10 or more children in the amount of 10,000 or more rubles;
• families with more than 7 minor children are awarded the Order of Parental Glory, and they are also paid an allowance in the amount of 100,000 rubles.

Since the beginning of 2014, large families have the right to unite in public organizations. As a rule, the relevant associations are formed on a territorial basis. The purpose of these communities is to ensure better protection of their interests before members of the Government. Indeed, despite the large number of rights of large families, most of them remain unrealized. In particular, this concerns the provision of housing. The Government of the Russian Federation explains this by the fact that the needs of the population in terms of living space exceed the financial capabilities of the country's regions.

The development of all spheres of social life necessarily affects legislation, including that part of it that regulates relations regarding the social security of families with children. The problems of families with children go beyond purely family relationships; they are ultimately economic and political problems, the solution of which requires the most active intervention of the state.

The idea of ​​equality of all people on Earth as a legal norm was substantiated by the enlighteners of the 17th century. in the concept of natural human rights, enshrined in the US Declaration of Independence of 1776, in the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen of France of 1789.

A real achievement of world civilization in the humanitarian sphere was the adoption by the United Nations (UN) in 1948 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Article 1 of the Declaration states: “All people are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and must act towards each other in a spirit of brotherhood.” The principle of equality of all members of the human community, adults and children is important here; the inadmissibility of discrimination against a person for any reason is emphasized.

The Declaration of the Rights of the Child, proclaimed in 1959, states: “The child shall be provided by law and other means with special protection, opportunities and favorable conditions that will enable him to develop physically, mentally, morally, spiritually, in a healthy and normal manner, in conditions freedom and dignity. In making laws for this purpose, the best interests of the child shall be the primary consideration.”

Another important international document - the Convention on the Rights of the Child - was adopted by the UN General Assembly in New York on November 20, 1989. According to the Convention, children have the right to equality before the law, the right to legal protection, the right to development, the right to life , health, choice of place of residence, the right to reunification with one’s family, to express an opinion, to information, to freedom of association, the right to privacy, the right to access reliable information, the right to education. It is necessary to mention Article 23 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, which recognizes the right of children with disabilities to live full lives in conditions that guarantee their dignity, promote their independence and facilitate their active participation in the life of society. Children with special needs should be given the opportunity to participate in community activities. For example, hiring a sign language interpreter will allow deaf people to attend plays and performances. It is important for blind children and children with impaired musculoskeletal function to get to right place, provide transport.

Social protection population finds its implementation in the form of state social policy of the state. State policy currently remains the primary public mechanism in defining, categorizing, and legalizing disability and continues to be an essential element in constructing and maintaining the dependent status of people with disabilities. In this sense, the situation of people with disabilities in a number of countries is associated with an underdeveloped and not always effective legal context in terms of the provided mechanisms for the implementation of relevant legislation and responsibility for its implementation.

It is necessary to distinguish between the concepts of “social protection and social support”. The concepts of social protection and social support are related, but not identical. When used as scientific definitions, social protection includes social support as an integral part, and in addition covers guarantees for labor protection, health and the natural environment, minimum wage, etc., ensuring normal human living conditions

In legislation, the term “social protection of the population” is used in different meanings. As such, there is still no legal definition of social protection of the population. The term social protection is a composite concept from the words social and protection. Social is everything that is connected with the life of society, everything that mediates the relationships between subjects of social life (a person and a social group, a person and society as a whole). To protect means to prevent the occurrence of unfavorable events.

Thus, social protection of the population is a system of measures aimed at preventing social risk situations, as well as mitigating and eliminating their consequences. Social risk should be understood as the probability of the occurrence of an unfavorable life situation, independent or little dependent, on the citizen himself, i.e. caused by external reasons.

Social support is a form of distribution that guarantees citizens, in the event of unfavorable situations, state support in the form of pensions, benefits and social services. The social protection system performs a preventive function, which is not characteristic of the social security system1.

In addition to social support, other subsystems can be included in social protection: a subsystem for protecting the population from emergency situations, a subsystem for ensuring employment, a subsystem for protecting savings and funds.

In Russia, the rights of citizens to participate in the life of society and protect their interests are secured by federal legislation and a number of by-laws. They are aimed at providing them with equal opportunities with other citizens in the implementation of civil, economic, political and other constitutional rights and freedoms.

The Russian Federation is a social state whose policy is aimed at creating conditions that ensure a decent life and free development of people. In the Russian Federation, the labor and health of people are protected, a guaranteed minimum wage is established, state support is provided for the family, motherhood, paternity and childhood, the disabled and elderly citizens, a system of social services is developed, state pensions, benefits and other guarantees of social protection are established. In our country, family relations are regulated Family Code of the Russian Federation, which defines the following issues related to single-parent families: marital relations between a man and a woman, establishing the origin of a child, the procedure for the adoption of children, as well as establishing alimony obligations for family members. National standard of the Russian Federation on “Social services to the population. Social services for families”, establishes the composition, volume and forms of providing the entire range of social services to families who find themselves in difficult life situations, the following groups:

• - low-income families;
• - single-parent families;
• -families and individual citizens who find themselves in extreme situations, families of refugees and internally displaced persons;
• - large families;
• - families with an unfavorable psychological climate, etc.

To improve the situation of families in Russia, it is necessary to strengthen state power, local government, and public organizations. State assistance to families with children, support for the institution of family and marriage, and stimulation of the birth rate are the most important areas of family policy, which is designed to solve the following problems:

• - ensure the social security of the family institution on the basis of experimental verification of decisions made at the federal and regional levels;
• - create the necessary conditions for stabilization family and marital relations, successful implementation by the family of reproductive, life-preserving, economic, socio-cultural, educational and other functions, to create high prestige in society family values and family lifestyle, etc.

The protection of the family, including single-parent families, and the rights of children, in our country is carried out in accordance with the norms of civil, family, administrative, housing, criminal and other branches of law.

The legislation provides for a number of benefits and benefits for single-parent families (single mothers).

The social security reform, along with the revision of the rules on pension provision related to families that include children, should, in our opinion, take a fundamentally new approach to the problems of helping families with children. The development of a new regulatory act on families with children will require a revision of many theoretical provisions established in the science of social security law, the promotion of new ones that reflect real life situations, taking into account data from many sciences, and studying the experience of legislation in other countries.

Currently, a draft comprehensive State program has been prepared to improve the situation of women, families and maternal and child health. The state is obliged to create favorable conditions for parents to combine work in social production with raising children. The program is based on establishing the unity of interests of family and society; recognition of the importance of the family as one of the main social institutions of society, ensuring human life, population reproduction, historical and cultural continuity of generations; the need to strengthen the protection of children's rights; the need to change the social status of women; improving the health of the nation; creating equal opportunities for personal self-realization regardless of gender, age, nationality, or place of residence.

In accordance with Federal Law No. 81-FZ of May 19, 1995, the following types of state benefits are established:

• 1) maternity benefit;
• 2) a one-time benefit for women who registered with medical organizations in the early stages of pregnancy;
• 3) one-time benefit for the birth of a child;
• 4) monthly child care allowance;
• 5) child benefit;
• 6) a one-time benefit when placing a child in a family;
• 7) a one-time allowance to the pregnant wife of a military serviceman undergoing military service;
• 8) monthly allowance for the child of a military serviceman undergoing military service upon conscription.

The procedure and conditions for the appointment and payment of these state benefits are established by the federal executive body authorized by the Government of the Russian Federation to the extent not specified by this Federal Law. The procedure for providing information necessary for the appointment and payment of a one-time benefit to the pregnant wife of a military serviceman undergoing military service on conscription, and a monthly benefit for the child of a military serviceman undergoing military service on conscription, to citizens entitled to receive these benefits, as well as to the authorities carrying out the appointment and payment of these benefits is determined by the Government of the Russian Federation.

The procedure for assigning and paying child benefits is established by laws and other regulatory legal acts of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

Documents (copies of documents, information) necessary for the assignment and payment of state benefits are requested by the bodies responsible for the assignment and payment of state benefits, in government agencies, local government bodies and organizations subordinate to state bodies or local government bodies, if the specified documents (copies of documents, information), with the exception of documents provided for in Part 6 of Article 7 of the Federal Law of July 27, 2010 N 210-FZ "On the organization of the provision of state and municipal services" are at the disposal of such bodies or organizations and the specified documents (copies of documents, information) were not submitted by the person entitled to receive state benefits on his own initiative.

Interdepartmental information interaction for the purpose of assigning and paying benefits is carried out in accordance with the requirements of the Federal Law of July 27, 2010 N 210-FZ "On the organization of the provision of state and municipal services."

Article 4. Funds for the payment of state benefits to citizens with children.

Payment of state benefits to citizens with children is made at the expense of:

• 1) funds from the Social Insurance Fund of the Russian Federation in the form of maternity benefits, one-time benefits for women registered with medical organizations in the early stages of pregnancy, one-time benefits at the birth of a child, monthly child care benefits for persons subject to compulsory social insurance for case of temporary disability and in connection with maternity (dated 06/07/2013 N 129-FZ);
• 2) funds from the federal budget, budgets of constituent entities of the Russian Federation allocated to professional educational organizations, educational organizations higher education, educational organizations of additional professional education and scientific organizations for the payment of scholarships in the form of maternity benefits, one-time benefits for women registered with medical organizations in the early stages of pregnancy - women studying full-time in professional educational organizations, educational organizations higher education, educational organizations of additional professional education and scientific organizations (Federal Law of July 2, 2013 N 129-FZ;
• 3) funds from the budgets of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in the form of child benefits (Federal Law dated December 29, 2015 N 388-FZ);
• 4). pregnancy, a one-time benefit at the birth of a child, a monthly child care benefit for women dismissed during pregnancy, maternity leave, and persons dismissed during child care leave in connection with the liquidation of organizations, cessation of activities by individuals as individual entrepreneurs, termination of powers by notaries engaged in private practice and termination of the status of a lawyer, as well as in connection with the termination of activities by other individuals whose professional activities in accordance with federal laws are subject to state registration and (or) licensing, a lump sum allowance at the birth of a child and a monthly allowance for child care for persons not subject to compulsory social insurance in case of temporary disability and in connection with maternity, including full-time students in professional educational organizations, educational organizations of higher education, educational organizations of additional professional education and scientific organizations. The procedure for financing these expenses is established by the Government of the Russian Federation (Federal Law dated 06/07/2013 N 129-FZ);
• 5) subventions provided to the budgets of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation from the federal budget for the purpose of financially supporting the expenditure obligations of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation arising in the exercise of the powers of the Russian Federation, for the payment of a one-time benefit when placing a child in foster care, a one-time benefit to the pregnant wife of a military serviceman undergoing military service upon conscription, and a monthly allowance for the child of a soldier undergoing military service upon conscription (Federal Law of 06/07/2013 N 129-FZ).

Costs for the delivery and forwarding of state benefits to citizens with children are made from the same sources from which benefits are paid (Part 2 of the Federal Law of May 30, 2001 N 67-FZ).

Financing of the costs of paying for the services of federal postal organizations for the delivery and forwarding of state benefits to citizens with children is carried out in the amounts established by the legislation of the Russian Federation, which determines the financing of the costs of paying for the services of federal postal organizations for delivery and forwarding state pensions(Part 3 of the Federal Law of May 30, 2001 N 67-FZ).

There is no fee for banking services for transactions with funds provided for the payment of state benefits to citizens with children (Part 4 of the Federal Law of May 30, 2001 N 67-FZ).

Considering assistance to families in raising children as an important direction of the social program for the development of our society, the Central Committee of the CPSU and the Council of Ministers of the USSR consider it advisable to implement additional measures to strengthen state assistance to families with children in order to ensure a rational combination of public and family education children, alleviate the situation of working mothers, reduce differences in the standard of living of families depending on the presence of children, and create favorable conditions for the life and everyday life of young families. At the same time, it is necessary to increase attention to solving problems related to improving the protection of motherhood and infancy, raising children, and strengthening the family.

The Central Committee of the CPSU and the Council of Ministers of the USSR decide:

1. In order to create more favorable opportunities for maternal care for newborns and young children:

In accordance with Article 256 Labor Code In the Russian Federation, at the request of a woman, she is granted maternity leave until the child reaches the age of three years.

The improvement of cash payments, as well as benefits and services provided to families with children, at the present stage is carried out in accordance with the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation “On measures for social support of large families” No. 431, which establishes for large families:

• 1) a discount of no less than 30 percent of the established fee for the use of heating, water, sewerage, gas and electricity, and for families living in houses that do not have central heating - from the cost of fuel purchased within the limits established for sale to the public in this territory;
• 2) free issuance of medications purchased according to doctor’s prescriptions for children under 6 years of age;
• 3) free travel on intracity transport (trams, trolleybuses, metro and city buses (except taxis), as well as on suburban and intradistrict buses for students of secondary schools;
• 4) admission of children to preschool institutions first of all;
• 5) free meals (breakfasts and lunches) for students of general education and vocational educational institutions at the expense of general education funds and deductions from their production activities and other extra-budgetary contributions;
• 6) free provision, in accordance with established standards, of a school uniform or a replacement set of children’s clothing for attending school classes, as well as sports uniforms for the entire period of children’s education in a comprehensive school at the expense of universal education funds or other extra-budgetary funds;
• 7) one day a month for free visits to museums, cultural and recreation parks, as well as exhibitions;
• 8) provide the necessary assistance to parents with many children who want to organize peasant (farm) enterprises, small enterprises and other commercial structures, ensure the allocation of land plots for these purposes, and also provide benefits for collecting land tax and rent in the form of full or partial tax exemption for a certain period or reduction of tax rates; provide gratuitous financial assistance or interest-free loans to reimburse expenses for the development of a peasant (farm) economy; provide for full or partial exemption from payment of registration fees from individuals engaged in entrepreneurial activities;
• 9) ensure priority allocation of garden plots for large families;
• 10) facilitate the provision of preferential loans, subsidies, interest-free loans to large families for the purchase of building materials and housing construction;
• 11) when developing regional employment programs, take into account the need to employ parents with many children, the possibility of their working under flexible forms of work (part-time, part-time working week, work from home, temporary work, etc.); ensure the organization of their training and retraining taking into account the needs of the regional economy.

Determining the prospects for the development of social security for families with children requires scientists to analyze the results, assess socio-economic objectives, and build on this basis a concept for the development of provision for families with children and a model of a system of cash payments, services and benefits.

Thus, large families must take into account that the receipt of benefits, allowances and subsidies entitled to them by law is not automatically provided, but is of a declarative nature. To receive payments and benefits, you should submit an application and the necessary documents both directly to the social protection authority and to the multifunctional center for the provision of state and municipal services, or through the portal of state and municipal services. When applying for benefits after the occurrence of circumstances with which the law binds their payment, benefits, as a rule, are assigned and paid for the elapsed time, but no more than six months before the month in which the application was submitted.

In accordance with Art. 7 maternity benefits are paid for a period of maternity leave of seventy (in the case of multiple pregnancy- eighty-four) calendar days before childbirth and seventy (in the case of complicated childbirth - eighty-six, for the birth of two or more children - one hundred and ten) calendar days after childbirth.

Maternity leave is calculated cumulatively and is provided to a woman completely regardless of the number of days actually used before giving birth.

When adopting a child (children) under the age of three months, maternity benefits are paid for the period from the date of adoption until the expiration of seventy calendar days (in the case of simultaneous adoption of two or more children - one hundred and ten calendar days) from the date of birth of the child (children) ).

The maternity benefit is set in the amount of:

average earnings on which insurance contributions for compulsory social insurance in case of temporary disability and in connection with maternity are calculated, and taking into account other conditions established by the Federal Law “On compulsory social insurance in case of temporary disability and in connection with maternity” - women, subject to compulsory social insurance in case of temporary disability and in connection with maternity, including women from among civilian personnel military formations Russian Federation located in the territories foreign countries in cases provided for by international treaties of the Russian Federation;

300 rubles - to women dismissed due to the liquidation of organizations, termination of activities by individuals as individual entrepreneurs, termination of powers by notaries engaged in private practice, and termination of the status of a lawyer, as well as in connection with the termination of activities by other individuals whose professional activities are in accordance with with federal laws, is subject to state registration and (or) licensing during the twelve months preceding the day they are recognized as unemployed in the prescribed manner;

scholarships - for women studying full-time in professional educational organizations, educational organizations of higher education, educational organizations of additional professional education and scientific organizations;

monetary allowance - to women undergoing military service under a contract, serving as privates and commanding officers in internal affairs bodies, in the State Fire Service, in institutions and bodies of the penal system, in agencies for controlling the circulation of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances, at the customs authorities.

To persons specified in paragraphs two to five of part one of Article 13 of this Federal Law, with the exception of mothers dismissed during maternity leave, a monthly child care allowance is paid from the date of provision of child care leave until the child reaches the age of one and a half years .

To the persons specified in paragraph seven of part one of Article 13 of this Federal Law, and to mothers dismissed during pregnancy, specified in paragraph six of part one of Article 13 of this Federal Law, a monthly child care allowance is paid from the date of birth of the child until the child reaches the age of one and a half years.

To mothers dismissed during the period of maternity leave specified in paragraph five of part one of Article 13 of this Federal Law, a monthly child care allowance is paid from the date of birth of the child or from the day following the end of maternity leave until a child aged one and a half years.

To the persons specified in paragraph eight of part one of Article 13 of this Federal Law, a monthly child care allowance is paid from the date of birth of the child, but not earlier than the day of death of the mother and (or) father or the day of the relevant decision (a court decision that has entered into legal force, decisions of the guardianship and trusteeship authority, conclusions of a medical organization) until the child reaches the age of one and a half years.

Monthly child care allowance is paid in the following amounts:

• 1,500 rubles for caring for the first child and 3,000 rubles for caring for the second child and subsequent children - to the persons specified in paragraphs six to eight of part one of Article 13 of this Federal Law;
• 40 percent of average earnings, on which insurance contributions for compulsory social insurance in case of temporary disability and in connection with maternity are calculated, to the persons specified in paragraph two of part one of Article 13 of this Federal Law. In this case, the minimum amount of the monthly child care benefit cannot be less than the amount of the monthly child care benefit paid to the persons specified in paragraphs six to eight of part one of Article 13 of this Federal Law;
• 40 percent of the average earnings (income, salary) at the place of work (service) for the last 12 calendar months preceding the month of parental leave (month of dismissal during maternity leave) - to the persons specified in paragraphs three and the fifth part of the first article 13 of this Federal Law. At the same time, the minimum benefit amount is 1,500 rubles for caring for the first child and 3,000 rubles for caring for the second child and subsequent children. The maximum amount of child care benefits cannot exceed 6,000 rubles for a full calendar month.

In districts and localities in which regional coefficients are applied to wages in accordance with the established procedure, the minimum and maximum amounts of the specified benefit are determined taking into account these coefficients.

In the case of caring for two or more children before they reach the age of one and a half years, the amount of the benefit calculated in accordance with parts one and two of this article is summed up. In this case, the summed amount of the benefit, calculated on the basis of average earnings (income, cash allowance), cannot exceed 100 percent of the specified earnings (income, cash allowance), but cannot be less than the summed minimum amount of the benefit.

When determining the amount of the monthly allowance for caring for the second child and subsequent children, previous children born (adopted) by the mother of the child are taken into account.

In the case of caring for a child (children) born to a mother who was deprived of parental rights in relation to previous children, a monthly child care allowance is paid in the amounts established by this article, excluding children in respect of whom she was deprived of parental rights.

The amount, procedure for assigning, indexing and paying child benefits, including the conditions and frequency of its payment (at least once a quarter), including the use of need criteria, are established by laws and other regulatory legal acts of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation.

The definition of a large family is not provided in this regulatory act. Only an indication is given that in each region of the country this status should be established independently in order to provide targeted social support, taking into account national and cultural characteristics, the demographic situation and the level of economic development. In accordance with this, the required amount of social benefits and cash payments is developed and assigned locally.

Thus, at present, issues of legal regulation of the status of large families and their social support are resolved at the level of regulatory acts of the constituent entities of the Federation and local governments. Often, the measures currently provided are insufficient in practice, including due to the imperfection of the regulatory framework and insufficient awareness of the population. Many parents with many children require legal assistance to obtain the right to the provided social cash payments (including child benefits) and benefits.

In most constituent entities of the Russian Federation, a family with three or more children under the age of 18 is considered to have many children. Due to the presence of a large number of problems, large families in Russia are characterized by high social risks, and therefore require various measures of state social support provided both at the federal and regional levels.

In this regard, at present we can consider the existing system of social support for families with children (including large families) as complete and not implying significant expansion.

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Any state is interested in the natural replenishment of the number of its citizens due to the excess of the birth rate over the death rate. But at present the situation is such that in Russia you can more often meet a family with one child than with several. To stimulate the birth rate, the authorities are taking various steps. One of these events is benefits for large families.

Status of large families

In most regions of Russia, the category of large families includes those parents who have three or more minor children. It does not matter whether they are biological or adopted. In some regions of the federation, where several children in a family are commonplace, the threshold for large families has been raised to five or more children.

Once one or more children reach adulthood, a family with many children can remain in the status of a large family only if this child receives a professional education at daytime form training and does not have an independent source of income.

Each region independently develops the criteria for classifying a family with adult children as having many children, and this norm does not apply in all municipalities.

The status of having many children is not automatically assigned. To obtain it, you need to contact the social security authorities (this can also be done through the MFC), collect a certain package of documents and obtain a certificate for parents of large families.

A document confirming the status of having many children will be issued only to those parents whose children live in the family and are not in the care of the state or other relatives.

If one or both spouses are deprived of rights to a child, then such a family will not receive preferences from the state.

As a rule, when registering the status of a large family, employees of the social department inform about all the opportunities for such families to receive assistance in the region of residence.

Legislative regulation of benefits for large families

There are federal and local benefits. At the state level, there are several legislative acts that provide various preferences for families raising several children.

Here are some of them:

At the regional level, in addition to the federal ones, there are also various local programs to support large families. It all depends on the economic condition of the subject of the federation and the capabilities of the local budget.

Conventionally, all benefits and preferences can be divided into several groups:

• financial assistance for the birth of a child;
• medical care for family members;
• social protection of parents with many children and their children;
• tax benefits;
• training of children and parents;
• assistance in solving housing issues;
• other benefits.

In addition to constant support for such families, the state tries to encourage high birth rates through various rewards for parents with many children. The awarding of a state or local order is accompanied by one-time financial assistance.

Orders and medals of Parental and Maternal Glory

For those parents who raised (are raising) 7 or more children (natural and adopted), the President of Russia established the Order of “Parental Glory”. Each year, two families are selected from each region to receive this award.

Families who raised 4 - 7 children can count on receiving a medal with the same name.

The conditions for selecting families are very strict and contain many rules. Applicants for the award should not have problems with the law; the children have various achievements in education, creativity or sports. A child has never been removed from such families into state custody, and the parents themselves create the necessary conditions for their children to fully develop.

Candidates for the award state award chosen by local authorities, at the request of regional social protection units. The award ceremony itself takes place in the Kremlin.

When awarded the Order of Parental Glory, the family receives one-time assistance in the amount of 100 thousand rubles. In addition, if certain conditions are met, parents in such a family can receive the title of “Veteran of Labor” and, after retirement, can expect to retain some benefits. Their composition depends on the region of residence and, as a rule, includes additional payments to pensions and subsidies for the payment of various services.

At the regional level, in some regions of the federation, orders and medals have been established for parents of large families. Their presentation is also accompanied by a monetary incentive. In most regions this award is called "Mother's Glory". This award is given to families who have raised at least 5 children, and the amount of monetary reward depends on the region of residence (25 - 100 thousand rubles). In some regions, fathers with many children have not been ignored. For example, in Tyumen, for this category of citizens, the Order of Fatherly Valor was established.

The conditions for presenting regional awards to large families must be clarified with the municipalities that established them.

Benefits for large families in 2018

At the birth of a child, the mother is paid a lump sum benefit. Its size does not depend on the number of children born in the family and amounts to 16,873.54 rubles (from February 1, 2018). But local authorities in most regions establish additional payments for the birth of a second and subsequent children. Their size depends on the capabilities of the regional budget.

Regional surcharges can be issued with the condition that they be used for specific needs. For example, to buy clothes or food for a newborn.

Since 2007, when a second and subsequent children appear in the family, parents can receive maternity (family) capital. It is issued once and its amount since 2015 is 453,026 rubles. From time to time, taking into account the rate of inflation, the size of this benefit is indexed. It is currently planned that such assistance will be provided to families with several children until 2022. You can receive a certificate for maternity capital at any time after the birth of a child for whom it is due.

This money cannot be cashed; its use is regulated by Federal Law No. 256-FZ.

Maternity capital funds can be used for the child’s treatment or education. The cost of housing is paid from this amount. At the expense of maternal (family) capital, a monthly payment can be assigned until the child reaches one and a half years old, provided that the family is classified as low-income.

Social protection measures

After the birth of a child, one of his parents or immediate relatives has the right to go on leave to care for him. For one and a half years from the birth of the baby, a benefit is accrued in the amount of 40% of the earnings of the family member who went on maternity leave with him.

If the mother or other parent did not work before the birth of the child, they will receive benefits in the amounts established by the state. For the second and subsequent children it is equal to 6284.65 rubles. If there are several such children in the family, then the total benefit will not exceed 24,536.57 rubles.

If, when calculating the benefit based on the parent’s salary before going on maternity leave, it is less than the minimum amount established by the state, then it is paid in addition from the Social Insurance Fund.

In addition to this benefit, regions are obliged, according to Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 606, to pay large families an allowance in the amount of the child’s subsistence level on a monthly basis at the birth of 3 or subsequent children. It is paid until the child reaches three years of age.

If there are several minor children, parents with many children can also receive a monthly supplement for the purchase of food and children's goods, as well as payments to improve the quality of life. To receive these benefits, you must contact the social security authorities.

In addition to monthly payments, children from large families are entitled to an annual allocation of free vouchers to health camps or children's sanatoriums. One of the parents accompanying the child for sanatorium treatment will also receive half the cost of the trip.

If parents have paid for a trip for their child in full or in part, they can receive monetary compensation for its cost from the Social Insurance Fund.

In addition to financial assistance, the state provides other types of assistance to such parents. Social protection authorities promote the priority employment of parents with many children and try to find them part-time or remote work.

In addition, periods of maternity leave are taken into account in the length of service when assigning a pension (no more than 6 years in total), as well as for each year maternity leave after the birth of 3 children, 5.4 pension points are awarded.

There is also the possibility of early retirement for mothers with many children. They can receive a pension upon reaching the age of 50, subject to several conditions:

• 5 or more children were born in the family;
• the youngest of them was 8 years old at the time of applying for a pension;
• insurance experience is at least 15 years.

Tax benefits and deductions for children

At the federal level, for each child, parents receive a tax deduction when calculating the income tax base. The first two children are entitled to a deduction of 1,400 rubles, and the third and subsequent children are entitled to a deduction of 3,000 rubles.

This benefit is valid until the child reaches adulthood or graduates from a vocational educational institution, with full-time education and no independent income for the student.

They are drawn up with an application at the place of work of each of the parents with many children.

If one of the parents does not work or is on parental leave, the other can receive these deductions in double amount. Also, the right to a double deduction can be obtained by a single parent, adoptive parent, or guardian.

To do this, in addition to the application for establishing such a deduction, attach a document confirming the second parent’s refusal to receive the deduction.

In addition, at the regional level, various benefits for paying taxes on land, real estate or vehicles can be established.

These taxes are local and the decision to reduce their amount or completely exempt them from payment is made by municipal authorities.

Therefore, for information about the exact amount of these tax benefits, you must contact the tax office at your place of residence.

In addition, the state obliges regions to provide assistance to parents with many children when they organize a business. This may be a full or partial exemption from paying expenses and fees when registering a business, the allocation of various subsidies and grants, as well as a reduction or exemption from paying rental payments for land plots and industrial premises intended for running a business.

Assistance in obtaining education for children from large families

A large number of benefits and benefits are provided when children and their parents with many children receive educational services. For parents, retraining at various courses organized by employment services is free.

Children receive priority rights for enrollment in preschool educational institutions and schools at the place of registration. In addition, the state compensates for tuition fees for children in additional clubs and sections.

To prepare for the school year, each family receives a certain cash allowance for school-age children. It varies depending on the region of residence and the age of the student.

At the federal level, free meals are provided for children from large families when they receive general or vocational education. Besides this, everyone academic year parents of schoolchildren are provided with a set of school (or equivalent) and sportswear for each student.

But benefits for large families when a child enrolls in a university are not provided at the federal level. At the same time, the Ministry of Education leaves at the independent discretion of each university the distribution of budget places according to various quotas. Therefore, it is necessary to study the rules for admission to each of them; perhaps somewhere there is an additional opportunity to enroll a child from a large family without competition. However, most often, universities provide such students with a priority right to transfer from a paid form of education to a free one, subject to freeing up a place and good academic performance.

Medical care for large families

Large families receive the right to priority service in clinics and hospitals. At the federal level, free prescription medications are provided to children under 6 years of age. Some regions, for example, Moscow, have extended this benefit until the child reaches adulthood. Children are also entitled to an annual supply of vitamin supplements without their parents paying for such medications.

Members of such families are provided with free or discounted services medical care, and in many regions the list of services is wider than provided by the standard compulsory medical insurance policy.

All these health care benefits apply only to government health care institutions.

Private clinics can independently approve a list of services with discounts for large families.

Obtaining and paying for housing

The main problem of almost any large family is housing. The state also helps in resolving this issue.

In addition to the possibility of improving housing conditions using maternal (family) capital, parents with many children can count on an extraordinary allocation of housing under a social rental agreement. One of the conditions for receiving it is low income. That is, the income per member of a large family must be less than the minimum established in the region of residence. In addition, they have the right to transfer social housing into ownership free of charge.

According to the new rules, if the second and subsequent children are born after January 1, 2018, the family can claim reimbursement of interest on the mortgage loan up to a rate of 6% per annum. In this case, the residential premises must be purchased from the development company. Loans for the purchase of apartments and houses on the secondary market are not covered by this program.

The benefit does not apply for the entire loan term, and its duration depends on the number of children in the family.

At the birth of a second child, the state reimburses interest on the loan for three years; after the birth of a third and subsequent children in the family, the reimbursement period increases to 5 years.

The mortgage loan agreement may be concluded earlier than 2018.

IN regional programs Fertility promotion also provides for reimbursement of 30% - 50% of a large family’s own funds spent on improving housing conditions. Free subsidies are provided for the purchase of building materials for self-construction of a residential building.

Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 431 also provides benefits for large families to pay for utilities. The exact amount of subsidizing payment for the use of residential premises is determined by the constituent entities of the federation independently, but it must be at least 30% of their cost.

This includes not only various utilities, but also the purchase of fuel for heating needs in housing not connected to centralized heating systems.

Other benefits

In addition to the above benefits, subsidies and preferences, other ways to support large families are provided at the federal and regional levels.

Thus, parents of several children under the age of 14 can count on additional days of vacation. The employer is obliged to provide two weeks of rest at his own expense to such an employee. These days can be used during the working year, added to the main vacation, but they are not carried over to the next working year.

Members of a large family use public transport free of charge in cities (with the exception of minibuses and regular taxis), and schoolchildren (in some regions and students) are given the opportunity to travel without paying on suburban and interdistrict transport.

Once a month, large families can visit a cultural event or museum for free.

For the needs of the family, the regions allocate land plots that can be used for gardening or building a summer house. Their size depends on the number of members of a large family and the capabilities of each region.

In addition, other benefits may be provided in the regions. For example, in Moscow, one of the parents with many children is reimbursed for the costs of paid parking of personal vehicles.

The state is interested in high level birth rate among its citizens, so there are many measures to support large families. They were adopted not only at the federal level. Each region, based on the capabilities of the local budget, offers a wide range of benefits, subsidies and preferences for such families. After receiving the status of a family with many children, parents need to contact the social security authorities at their place of residence to find out which of them they can count on and the specifics of the procedure for receiving benefits.