The percentage of overweight children everywhere is increasing at an alarming rate - on average, one in three teenagers or children is now overweight or obese.

Now many children spend little time on training and outdoor games; they spend more time in front of the TV, playing video games or the computer. And in many working, busy families, parents have less free time to prepare healthy home-cooked meals. From fast food to the computer, fast and in a hurry - this is the reality for many families.

Protecting children from excess weight means establishing a proper diet and exercise routine in the family, as well as healthy rest together. We must include our children in healthy image living by your own example.

Is your child underweight or overweight?

World Health Organization (WHO), US Department of Health, and most countries around the world to evaluate excess weight In adults and children, BMI - body mass index - is successfully used, which is based on the ratio of height and weight, and the subsequent calculation of the proportion of fat in the human body. The method for calculating BMI was developed by Adolphe Quetelet and for children it provides a special scheme. First you need to calculate the child’s BMI using the general formula:

Body mass index (BMI) calculator using Quetelet's formula

Because children and adolescents are actively growing and developing, their BMI can change significantly over a short period of time. Therefore, the usual BMI assessment common in adults is not suitable for them. To accurately and correctly estimate a child's body mass index, scientists studied the weight-to-height ratio of many thousands of children. And when you need to determine whether your child's BMI is normal or deviates from it, comparison tables - "percentage curves" or distribution scales - with averages for children of this age and height will give you the opportunity to understand whether weight adjustments need to be adjusted. This compares your child's body mass index to the average of thousands of other children. This approach takes into account the developmental stages that children go through in certain age groups. For example, if a child has a body mass index higher than 97% of children of the same age, then we can conclude that the child is overweight.
This table contains information on the BMI of adolescents and children of both sexes from 2 to 20 years.

As a result, your child's BMI will fall into one of four categories:

• Lack of weight: BMI is below the 5th average (percentage curve);
• Healthy weight: BMI between 5th and 85th average;
• Overweight: BMI between 85 and 95;
• Obesity: BMI falls within the range of 95 or higher.

For children younger than 2 years old, doctors use weight-for-height charts and a careful physical examination.

Table for assessing a child’s weight and height by BMI

However, BMI is not a perfect indicator of body fat and can be misleading in some cases. For example, a teenager with developed muscles can have a high BMI without being overweight (muscle is added to body weight, not excess weight). In addition, BMI can be difficult to estimate correctly during puberty, when young people go through rapid growth stages. In any case, it is important to remember that BMI is generally a good indicator, but it is not a direct measurement of the amount of fat in the body.

Bioimpedance analysis allows you to determine the exact percentage of adipose tissue. Using a certain device, a weak, safe electric current is passed through the body, changing its frequency. Different tissues of the body have different resistance to electric current, thus it becomes possible to calculate what proportion of the body is muscle, and what is bone and fat.

If you are concerned that your child may be overweight or underweight, arrange an appointment with your child's healthcare provider to evaluate their diet and physical activity level and suggest positive changes. Your doctor may also recommend preventing certain diseases associated with being underweight or obese.

Norms of weight and height of a child by age

Table of height and weight of a child up to one year

Age	Height in cm						Weight in kg.
	Very low	Short	Average	High	Very tall		Very low	Short	Average	High	Very tall
1 month	49.5 cm.	51.2 cm.	54.5 cm.	56.5 cm.	57.3 cm.		3.3 kg.	3.6kg.	4.3kg.	5.1kg.	5.4kg.
2 month	52.6 cm.	53.8 cm.	57.3 cm.	59.4 cm.	60.9 cm.		3.9 kg.	4.2kg.	5.1kg.	6.0kg.	6.4kg.
3 months	55.3 cm.	56.5 cm.	60.0 cm.	62.0 cm.	63.8 cm.		4.5kg.	4.9kg.	5.8kg.	7.0kg.	7.3kg.
4 months	57.5 cm.	58.7 cm.	62.0 cm.	64.5 cm.	66.3 cm.		5.1kg.	5.5kg.	6.5kg.	7.6kg.	8.1kg.
5 months	59.9 cm.	61.1 cm.	64.3 cm.	67cm.	68.9 cm.		5.6kg.	6.1kg.	7.1kg.	8.3kg.	8.8kg.
6 months	61.7 cm.	63cm.	66.1 cm.	69cm.	71.2 cm.		6.1kg.	6.6kg.	7.6kg.	9.0kg.	9.4kg.
7 months	63.8 cm.	65.1 cm.	68cm.	71.1 cm.	73.5 cm.		6.6kg.	7.1kg.	8.2kg.	9.5kg.	9.9kg.
8 months	65.5 cm.	66.8 cm.	70cm.	73.1 cm.	75.3 cm.		7.1kg.	7.5kg.	8.6kg.	10kg.	10.5kg.
9 months	67.3 cm.	68.2 cm.	71.3 cm.	75.1 cm.	78.8 cm.		7.5kg.	7.9kg.	9.1kg.	10.5kg.	11kg.
10 months	68.8 cm.	69.1 cm.	73cm.	76.9 cm.	78.8 cm.		7.9kg.	8.3kg.	9.5kg.	10.9kg.	11.4kg.
11 months	70.1 cm.	71.3 cm.	74.3 cm.	78cm.	80.3 cm.		8.2kg.	8.6kg.	9.8kg.	11.2kg.	11.8kg.
	Very low	Short	Average	High	Very tall		Very low	Short	Average	High	Very tall

Table of child height and weight by year

	Height in cm						Weight in kg.
	Very low	Short	Average	High	Very tall		Very low	Short	Average	High	Very tall
1 year	71.2 cm.	72.3 cm.	75.5 cm.	79.7 cm.	81.7 cm.		8.5kg.	8.9kg.	10.0kg.	11.6kg.	12.1kg.
2 years	81.3 cm.	83cm.	86.8 cm.	90.8 cm.	94cm.		10.6kg.	11kg.	12.6kg.	14.2kg.	15.0kg.
3 years	88cm.	90cm.	96cm.	102.0 cm.	104.5 cm.		12.1kg.	12.8kg.	14.8kg.	16.9kg.	17.7kg.
4 years	93.2 cm.	95.5 cm.	102cm.	108cm.	110.6 cm.		13.4kg.	14.2kg.	16.4kg.	19.4kg.	20.3kg.
5 years	98.9 cm.	101,5	108.3 cm.	114.5 cm.	117cm.		14.8kg.	15.7kg.	18.3kg.	21.7 kg.	23.4kg.
6 years	105cm.	107.7 cm.	115m	121.1 cm.	123.8 cm.		16.3kg.	17.5kg.	20.4kg.	24.7kg.	26.7kg.
7 years	111cm.	113.6 cm.	121.2 cm.	128cm.	130.6 cm.		18kg.	19.5kg.	22.9 kg.	28kg.	30.8kg.
8 years	116.3 cm.	119cm.	126.9 cm.	134.5 cm.	137cm.		20kg.	21.5kg.	25.5kg.	31.4kg.	35.5kg.
9 years	121.5 cm.	124.7 cm.	133.4 cm.	140.3 cm.	143cm.		21.9 kg.	23.5kg.	28.1kg.	35.1kg.	39.1kg.
10 years	126.3 cm.	129.4 cm.	137.8 cm.	146.7 cm.	149.2 cm.		23.9 kg.	25.6kg.	31.4kg.	39.7kg.	44.7 kg.
11 years old	131.3 cm.	134.5 cm.	143.2 cm.	152.9 cm.	156.2 cm.		26kg.	28kg.	34.9 kg.	44.9kg.	51.5kg.
12 years old	136.2 cm.	140cm.	149.2 cm.	159.5 cm.	163.5 cm.		28.2kg.	30.7kg.	38.8kg.	50.6kg.	58.7kg.
13 years old	141.8 cm.	145.7 cm.	154.8 cm.	166cm.	170.7 cm.		30.9 kg.	33.8kg.	43.4kg.	56.8kg.	66.0kg.
14 years old	148.3 cm.	152.3 cm.	161.2 cm.	172cm.	176.7 cm.		34.3kg.	38kg.	48.8kg.	63.4kg.	73.2kg.
15 years	154.6 cm.	158.6 cm.	166.8 cm.	177.6 cm.	181.6 cm.		38.7kg.	43kg.	54.8kg.	70kg.	80.1kg.
	Very low	Short	Average	High	Very tall		Very low	Short	Average	High	Very tall

Preventing excess weight and obesity

The key to keeping children of all ages at a healthy weight is family lifestyle. This is what is “preached” in the family. Do physical activity and healthy eating family hobby. To make it fun for kids too, let them help plan and prepare healthy menus, and take them to the grocery store with you so they can learn how to choose healthy and the right products.
Avoid falling into these common nutrition traps:

• Don't reward children for good behavior or try to keep them from bad behavior with sweets or treats. Reward or punishment does not have to include food; there are many other effective and the right ways education.
• Don't support the "clean plate policy". Watch for signs that your baby is hungry. Even babies who turn away from the bottle or breast report that they are full. If children are full, don't force them to continue eating. Remind yourself that we should only eat when we are hungry.
• Don’t talk about “bad foods” and don’t completely exclude all sweets and favorite treats from your diet. children's menu. Children are likely to rebel and eat large quantities these harmful products outside the home or when parents are not looking.

Conclusions

It is not easy to motivate a child to achieve results; he cannot be “put” on a diet. In turn, adolescence complicated by the fact that there is a danger of self-rejection, isolation, depression, and anorexia. Once you find out if your child needs weight management, we would like to make some additional recommendations for children of all ages:

• From birth to 1 year: In addition to the well-known many health benefits, breastfeeding can also help prevent excessive weight gain. And although the exact mechanism has not yet been established, children on breastfeeding, feel their hunger and satiety more clearly, thus protecting themselves from overeating.
• From 1 year to 5 years: to produce good habits better from an early age. Help your child establish healthy eating habits by offering a variety of healthy foods. Encourage your child's natural tendency to be active and help him develop.
• From 6 to 12 years: Keep your child physically active every day. Let it be a sports section or outdoor games in the yard. Encourage activity at home - in daily housework and in joint games and walks on weekends. Teach your child to choose healthy and healthy foods, help him pack his own sandwiches for school.
• From 13 to 18 years old: Teens often gravitate toward fast food, but try to encourage them to eat healthier foods. For example, with baked chicken sandwiches, salads and smaller portions. Teach them how to cook delicious food at home healthy food and treats. Help them maintain physical activity every day.
• All ages: Reduce the amount of time your child spends watching TV, computers, and playing video games. Fight your child's habit of eating while looking at the TV or computer monitor. Try to prepare and offer your child a variety of healthy foods. Try to have breakfast, lunch and dinner with your child together. Encourage children to eat fruits and vegetables at least five times a day, limit sugary drinks and never skip breakfast.

If you eat right, exercise frequently, and incorporate healthy habits into your family's daily routine, you are creating a healthy lifestyle for your children that they can continue to maintain. Explain to them the importance of physical activity and proper nutrition, but be sure to make it a common family habit so that it becomes second nature for each of you.

But above all, let your children know that you love them no matter their weight, and your main desire is to help them be happy and healthy.

Indicators of mass and length of a person’s body change depending on age. These values ​​make it possible to judge how correctly the child is developing and whether his development corresponds to his age. Sometimes insufficient or excessive values ​​of these parameters may indicate deviations in the functioning of hormonal, digestive systems Therefore, it is very important to systematically monitor the proportions of the baby’s length and body weight.

Children often grow disproportionately, which causes concern among parents. They have many questions, they want to know what weight values ​​are considered optimal for each age group. What causes lack of weight or short stature baby?

Weight and height as indicators of development

The values ​​of a child’s body mass and length are anthropometric data that indicate the state of his health and the course of development at each age stage. When the examination reveals significant deviations from the average values, additional examinations must be carried out.

Significant growth retardation in boys can be caused by insufficient production of growth hormone. Disruption of the adrenal glands or thyroid gland sometimes causes excess body weight. These deviations can develop into serious diseases that threaten the health of the child and his life, therefore the length and weight of the babies’ bodies are monitored from birth in order to promptly detect the deviation, identify its cause and prevent irreversible consequences.

Based on many years of observations of children, WHO has established norms for anthropometric indicators of children in each age group. Centile tables created by specialists indicate such parameters as normal weight child, height of boys and girls according to age. If children's parameters go beyond these limits, doctors should take special control of them.

What height is considered normal for boys at different ages?

If growth retardation is observed in children under the age of 5 years, this may indicate a developmental delay and the presence of certain diseases. The high growth of children causes less concern among parents, however, this deviation may indicate diseases of the endocrine system. Particular attention should be paid to tall young men whose parents are of average or short stature.

The growth rate table has 7 gradations:

If the parameters shift significantly more or less from the average values, then the children are prescribed an examination by specialists. The table shows growth rates according to the age of the boys.

Age	Excessively low(cm)	Low(cm)	Below average(cm)	Average(cm)	Above average(cm)	High(cm)	Very high(cm)
newborn	46,5	48,0	49,8	51,3	52,3	53,5	55,0
1 month	49,5	51,2	52,7	54,5	55,6	56,5	57,3
2 months	52,6	53,8	55,3	57,3	58,2	59,4	60,9
3 months	55,3	56,5	58,1	60,0	60,9	62,0	63,8
4 months	57,5	58,7	60,6	62,0	63,1	64,5	66,3
5 months	59,9	61,1	62,3	64,3	65,6	67,0	68,9
6 months	61,7	63,0	64,8	66,1	67,7	69,0	71,2
7 months	63,8	65,1	66,3	68,0	69,8	71,1	73,5
8 months	65,5	66,8	68,1	70,0	71,3	73,1	75,3
9 months	67,3	68,2	69,8	71,3	73,2	75,1	78,8
10 months	68,8	69,1	71,2	73,0	75,1	76,9	78,8
11 months	70,1	71,3	72,6	74,3	76,2	78,0	80,3
1 year	71,2	72,3	74,0	75,5	77,3	79,7	81,7
1 year 3 months	74,8	75,9	77,1	79,0	81,0	83,0	85,3
1.5 years	76,9	78,4	79,8	81,7	83,9	85,9	89,4
1 year 9 months	79,3	80,8	82,3	84,3	86,5	88,3	91,2
2 years	81,3	83,0	84,5	86,8	89,0	90,8	94,0
2 years 3 months	83,0	84,9	86,8	88,7	91,3	93,9	96,8
2.5 years	84,5	87,0	89,0	91,3	93,7	95,5	99,0
2 years 9 months	86,3	88,8	91,3	93,5	96,0	98,1	101,2
3 years	88,0	90,0	92,3	96,0	99,8	102,0	104,5
3.5 years	90,3	92,6	95,0	99,1	102,5	105,0	107,5
4 years	93,2	95,5	98,3	102,0	105,5	108,0	110,6
4.5 years	96,0	98,3	101,2	105,1	108,6	111,0	113,6
5 years	98,9	101,5	104,4	108,3	112,0	114,5	117,0
5.5 years	101,8	104,7	107,8	111,5	115,1	118,0	120,6
6 years	105,0	107,7	110,9	115,0	118,7	121,1	123,8
6.5 years	108,0	110,8	113,8	118,2	121,8	124,6	127,2
7 years	111,0	113,6	116,8	121,2	125,0	128,0	130,6
8 years	116,3	119,0	122,1	126,9	130,8	134,5	137,0
9 years	121,5	124,7	125,6	133,4	136,3	140,3	143,0
10 years	126,3	129,4	133,0	137,8	142,0	146,7	149,2
11 years old	131,3	134,5	138,5	143,2	148,3	152,9	156,2
12 years old	136,2	140,0	143,6	149,2	154,5	159,5	163,5
13 years old	141,8	145,7	149,8	154,8	160,6	166,0	170,7
14 years old	148,3	152,3	156,2	161,2	167,7	172,0	176,7
15 years	154,6	158,6	162,5	166,8	173,5	177,6	181,6
16 years old	158,8	163,2	166,8	173,3	177,8	182,0	186,3
17 years old	162,8	166,6	171,6	177,3	181,6	186,0	188,5

Parents, using this table, can assess the height of their child, understand whether it is considered normal, or whether its values ​​​​go beyond the average data. If the indicators differ from the average values ​​by more than 30%, then an examination is carried out to identify the cause of such a serious deviation.

Height to weight ratio by year

The height of boys in relation to their weight is the body mass index. This value allows us to judge the child’s physical development and health. Calculating body mass index makes it possible to determine:

• wasting (the degree of underweight that requires treatment);
• lack of weight;
• reduced body weight (within normal limits);
• optimal weight;
• a slight increase in weight that does not go beyond the normal range;
• excess weight;
• obesity (significant excess of average weight, at which treatment is necessary).

In the first year of life

Typically, healthy children at birth have a body length of 46–56 centimeters. The body length of male newborns is often slightly longer than that of females. The weight of a child, as a rule, does not depend on gender and at the time of birth can vary between 2.6–4 kg. When discharged, the baby sometimes weighs less than at birth, this is also not a deviation. Below is the WHO centile table, which determines the body length and weight of boys during the first 12 months of normal development.

Age (months)	Weight (kg)	Height (cm)
0	3,60	50
1	4,45	54,5
2	5,25	58,0
3	6,05	61
4	6,7	63
5	7,3	65
6	7,9	67
7	8,4	68,7
8	8,85	70,3
9	9,25	71,7
10	9,65	73
11	10	74,3
12	10,3	75,5

A normal increase in body length will be considered 3–4 cm in the first 3 months after birth, then 2.5 cm monthly until six months. For the next three months of life, children grow by an average of 2 cm per month; in the interval of 9–12 months, babies add 1 cm. If we talk about body weight, then during the first 6 months the normal increase is 0.6–0.8 kg every four weeks, from six months to 12 months, the child should gain 300–500 g monthly.

From one to three years

After 12 months, the increase in the boy’s anthropometric indicators becomes more stable, so between the control periods there will no longer be such a noticeable difference as in the first year of life. From two to three years old, children grow by about 6–7 cm, while their weight may increase by only one kilogram. The weight of a three-year-old boy reaches 14 kg, and his body length is 96 cm.

From four to six years

Between 4 and 6 years old, children should steadily gain approximately 1 kg every six months. The body length also increases evenly. In one year, the boy grows by about 7 cm. By the end of the period, the weight of the future man, in accordance with WHO centile tables, is within 21 kg, and his height reaches 116–118 cm.

Many parents consider their little men to be insufficiently well-fed, so they begin to feed them heavily. Such measures often lead to early childhood obesity.

From seven to ten years

The period of 7–10 years is characterized by more active changes in child development parameters. Every six months they become taller by an average of 2.8–3 cm. Weight gain also occurs faster than in the previous period, the average increase from 7 to 10 years is about 1.3–1.5 kg per month. By the age of 10, the boy weighs about 32 kg and is 1.38 m tall.

Eleven to thirteen years old

During adolescence, from 11 to 13 years of age, children become emotionally unstable. This is due to their active formation, functional restructuring of some body systems. Boys aged 11–13 years are slightly behind girls in terms of development. Their weight usually increases by 4.5–5 kg per year. Body length indicators, starting from 11 years, usually increase by 6 cm in 12 months. By the age of 13, a teenager’s body length reaches 156.5 cm, and his body weight is approximately 45.8–47 kg.

From fourteen to sixteen years old

When a young man approaches 14–15 years of age, the growth of his bone tissue increases. The arms and legs of teenagers are noticeably stretched. However muscle mass at the age of 15, they do not grow as rapidly as the skeleton, so their build becomes disproportionate. By the age of 15, teenagers are actively developing and are ahead of girls in development by the end of this age gap. Every six months the young man’s body weight increases by 2.5 kg. Height increases unevenly, but by the age of 16 it should reach 1.73–1.74 m.

At 17–18 years old

The formation of the musculoskeletal system by the age of 18 is not yet complete, but young people no longer look as awkward as before. Body weight gain slows down. Over these two years, the guy becomes heavier by only 2.8 kg. The change in height from 17 to 18 years becomes completely unnoticeable, the increase is only 1 cm.

By the age of 18, the motor reactions of young men improve, coordination of movements develops, muscles gradually strengthen, and shoulders become wider.

What is considered normal, taking into account heredity?

When determining the norms of children's development, it is necessary to take into account that these parameters have significant differences when considering people of different nationalities living in different geographical zones. This is explained by the fact that anthropometric indicators are largely influenced by hereditary factors, genetic characteristics of the nation. The development standards established for children in our country will not be considered standard for babies born on another continent, since the climate also influences the growth and development of children.

Most parents are interested in physical health their children. The weight and height of a child under 10 years of age are his key parameters for both girls and boys. The evaluation criterion is a special scale or auxiliary tables compiled by the World Health Organization. What values ​​will be optimal for different ages of both sexes?

Measuring a child’s physical appearance provides insight into the progress of development.

Development indicators for girls and boys in the first year of life

Weight by month

There is a separate table showing weight gain for babies up to one year:

Norm and limits of deviation of a child’s weight in the first year of life

Height and weight of a child from one year to 10 years

Very low and high numbers indicate the presence of deviations; those that are above and below the average are considered normal variants.

The height and weight table for children under 10 years of age is compiled separately for boys and separately for girls and will help you determine for yourself whether the process needs to be adjusted physical development your child.

Indicator table for boys

Taking into account the regular weight and height gain of young men, WHO has compiled the following table of height and weight of boys under 10 years of age:

Growth indicators of development of boys under ten years of age

Weight development indicators for boys under ten years of age

The height and weight table for boys aged 10 years shows the proportional ratio for a given time period:

Indicator table for girls

Unlike boys, girls develop much faster. Therefore, it should not be surprising that children of different sexes of the same age may be inferior in performance to each other. The height and weight of girls under 10 years old is presented in this diagram:

Growth indicators of girls under ten years of age

Weight development indicators for girls under ten years of age

How do children grow from one to three years old?

The WHO table of average values ​​will help you monitor the timely increase in the required centimeters and kilograms:

Age	Height, cm		Weight, kg
	Boys		Boys
1 year
1 year 3 months
1 year 6 months
1 year 9 months
2 years
2 years 3 months
2 years 6 months
2 years 9 months
3 years

Features of development of children from 3 to 5 years old

The physical development of a 3-5 year old child is determined by several parameters:

1. 3 years - height 96 cm+\- 4 cm, weight 12 kg +\-1 kg, chest girth 51 cm+\-2 cm, head circumference 48 cm, presence of about 20 baby teeth;
2. 4-5 years - 104 cm+\-4 cm, 17 kg+\-1 kg, chest 55 cm+\-2 cm, head 50 cm, teeth have not yet been replaced with permanent ones;
3. the skull of a three-year-old child is equal to 80% of the volume of an adult’s skull, the spine is unstable, and bones and joints are easily deformed from negative external influences;
4. very rapid blood circulation corresponds to a pressure of 95 to 58, increased excitability is observed, leading to rapid fatigue.

How do girls and boys grow from 5 to 10 years old?

Starting from the age of 5, the child’s body gradually transforms into a teenager’s. The height and weight standards for children aged 10 years, as well as during the primary school period, are:

• 6 years - the body becomes 6-7 cm taller and 2.5-3 kg heavier, average height is 107-121 cm, weight 18-28 kg, chest circumference 56-65 cm;
• 7 years - another 8-10 cm in height are added, 2.5-3 cm in height chest, body length 114-128 cm, baby weighs 20-30 kg;
• 8 years - changes characteristic of puberty are not yet noticeable, 21-32 kg and 119-134 cm;
• 9 years - children grow to 125-140 cm and 24-36 kg, respectively;
• 10 years - averages - 129-146 cm and 25-39 kg.

For a simpler understanding of child development, here is a table of the height and weight of children 10 years old:

	Boys
	Weight, kg	Height, cm	Weight, kg	Height, cm

Every mother knows that after birth in a children's clinic, doctors measure the height and weight of her baby every month. The indicators must be recorded in the medical record and analyzed. Thus, doctors have clear dynamics of the baby’s development in two main parameters. What's the point of these measurements? Anthropometric data of children helps to diagnose various diseases and pathologies at the early stages of their development.

From birth, it is important to monitor the dynamics of the baby’s height and weight.

Height and weight indicators for children - why are they needed?

There are generally accepted standards for height and weight for each age. Any deviation from these standards becomes the first a wake-up call, signaling that something is wrong with the baby. Doctors determine a failure if, despite good nutrition, the baby does not gain weight well. This can be a signal of developing anemia, rickets, diseases of the endocrine system and immunodeficiency. Too little height can be a consequence of a lack of growth hormone in children's body. Excess weight with a moderate diet will be a reason to check the functioning of the thyroid gland and adrenal glands.

Each child develops individually, so small deviations from the norm are acceptable. Significant changes in these two indicators that are uncharacteristic for children will help doctors not only know that there is a problem, but also indicate where to look for it. Timely diagnosis helps to prescribe therapy on time and avoid consequences.

Which tables should we refer to – domestic pediatrics or WHO?

Until the early 90s, when measuring indicators, doctors relied on the old standards that had previously been adopted by the WHO. At this time, the World Health Organization carefully studied outdated standards and came to disappointing conclusions.

It turned out that many anthropometric standards were greatly overestimated. Based on these data, medical specialists in many countries could draw incorrect conclusions about developmental delays in children. The consequence of this was the supplementary feeding of children with formula, which as a result could provoke obesity.

In parallel with WHO standards, Russia practiced the use of domestic charts, which were compiled on the basis of statistical data specifically in our country. The data in them turned out to be more accurate and helped to make fewer mistakes. In 1993, WHO conducted a series of statistical analyzes and updated anthropometric data for children. They set new standards that remain relevant to this day.

Features of the first year of a boy's life

Everyone knows that the first years of life are the most important for a baby. They are the ones who predetermine its further development. In the period up to one year, the child grows at an incredible speed at which the human body never develops again (see also:). It is extremely important for parents to take responsibility for the baby’s health during this period – both physical and emotional. Experts divide the age of a baby up to 1 year into two periods:

• neonatal period;
• infant period.

The first lasts exactly 28 days from the date of birth, and the second replaces it and ends exactly at one year old. The most difficult period is considered to be the newborn period, because babies are born with not yet fully formed internal organs and fabrics.

In the first days after birth, pediatricians pay attention not only to weight and height, but also general condition baby's health

These 28 days will be spent by the little life adapting to the big world and the final formation of its fragile organism. Pediatricians during the newborn period pay special attention not only to height and weight, but also to coordination, motor functions, fine motor skills, skin condition, and social activity.

Weight standards for boys up to one year old

Age, months	Body weight, kg
	Very low	Short	Norm	High	Very tall
Newborn	2,1	2,5	3,4	4,4	5
1	2,9	3,4	4,1	5,8	6,6
2	3,8	4,3	4,9	7	8
3	4,4	5	5,6	8	9
4	4,9	5,6	6,3	8,7	9,7
5	5,3	6	6,8	9,3	10,4
6	5,7	6,4	7,4	9,8	10,9
7	5,9	6,7	8,1	10,3	11,4
8	6,2	6,9	8,5	10,7	11,9
9	6,4	7,1	8,9	11	12,3
10	6,6	7,4	9,5	11,4	12,7
11	6,8	7,6	10,1	11,7	13
12	6,9	7,7	10,6	12	13,3

How smaller child, the faster he gains weight (as a percentage), and by the first year of life a boy can weigh from 8 to 13 kilograms (see also:)

The table shows the average values. Low and high body weight is not critical, since it depends on many factors, among which a special place is given to living conditions, genetic predisposition and type of food. When coefficients deviate greatly from normal, specialists may order studies to exclude developmental pathologies.

Baby growth up to one year

According to experts, the baby should grow by 25 cm in the first year, but this figure is highly averaged. It is influenced by a combination of the following factors:

• Nutrition. If the baby receives the required amount nutrients and microelements, it will grow in accordance with generally accepted standards.
• Heredity. Naturally, tall and large parents also have slightly larger children, and they can gain more in height than their peers.
• Pathologies and diseases. This factor can slow down growth. As we mentioned above, a lack of growth hormone, rickets or anemia can slow down the baby’s development.

If a child has a complete and balanced diet, he grows and develops in accordance with generally accepted standards

Normal height for a male child under 12 months of age is presented in the table:

Age, months	Height, indicators in cm
	Very low	Short	Norm	High	Very tall
Newborn	44,2	46,1	49,9	53,7	55,6
1	48,9	50,8	54,7	58,6	60,6
2	52,4	54,4	58,4	62,4	64,4
3	55,3	57,3	61,4	65,5	67,6
4	57,6	59,7	63,9	68	70,1
5	59,6	61,7	65,9	70,1	72,2
6	61,2	63,3	67,6	71,9	74
7	62,6	64,8	69,3	73,5	75,7
8	64	66,2	70,6	75	77,2
9	65,2	67,5	72	76,5	78,7
10	66,4	68,7	73,3	77,9	80,1
11	67,6	69,9	74,5	79,2	81,5
12	68,6	71	75,7	80,5	82,9

Child development from 1 to 10 years

Over the course of ten years, a child's body undergoes amazing changes. He switches to a full-fledged adult diet, his body begins to prepare for the difficult adolescence period and hormonal explosions.

How older child, the less stringent the standards for its anthropometric parameters become. During this period, genetics begins to strongly manifest itself, which causes deviations from the norm.

Weight indicators

A boy’s body weight is a labile indicator that quickly responds to changes: nutrition, physical activity, diseases accompanied by weight gain or weight loss. WHO has created special child development charts up to the age of 10, according to which children must fall into the so-called “corridor” of indicators - in this case, the baby develops correctly.

Weight table for boys under 10 years of age:

Age	Body weight, kg
	Very low	Short	Norm	High	Very tall
1 year	6,9	7,7	9,6	12	13,3
1 year 3 months	7,4	8,3	10,3	12,8	14,3
1.5 years	7,8	8,8	10,9	13,7	15,3
1 year 9 months	8,2	9,2	11,5	14,5	16,2
2 years	8,6	9,7	12,2	15,3	17,1
2 years 3 months	9	10,1	12,7	16,1	18,1
2.5 years	9,4	10,5	13,3	16,9	19
2 years 9 months	9,7	10,9	13,8	17,6	19,9
3 years	10	11,3	14,3	18,3	20,7
3 years 3 months	10,3	11,6	14,8	19	21,6
3.5 years	10,6	12	15,3	19,7	22,4
3 years 9 months	10,9	12,4	15,8	20,5	23,3
4 years	11,2	12,7	16,3	21,2	24,2
4 years 3 months	11,5	13,1	16,8	21,9	25,1
4.5 years	11,8	13,4	17,3	22,7	26
4 years 9 months	12,1	13,7	17,8	23,4	26,9
5 years	12,4	14,1	18,3	24,2	27,9
5.5 years	13,3	15	19,4	25,5	29,4
6 years	14,1	15,9	20,5	27,1	31,5
6.5 years	14,9	16,8	21,7	28,9	33,7
7 years	15,7	17,7	22,9	30,7	36,1
8 years	17,3	19,5	25,4	34,7	41,5
9 years	18,8	21,3	28,1	39,4	48,2
10 years	20,4	23,2	31,2	45	56,4

Children of the same age cannot have the same weight (everyone has different genetics, nutrition, physical activity, health), but there is a weight table in which everyone should fall into the “corridor”

Growth indicators

A stable parameter of a child’s development is height. It determines both the length of the body and the formation of systems and functions of the body, the increase in size of organs. This indicator is considered the best criterion to determine the child's health status. A slow increase in the length of the skeleton contributes to a decrease in the rate of development of the brain, muscles, etc.

Indicators for a child aged 1 to 10 years are presented in the table:

Age	Height, indicators in cm
	Very low	Short	Average	High	Very tall
1 year	68,6	71	75,7	80,5	82,9
1 year 3 months	71,6	74,1	79,1	84,2	86,7
1.5 years	74,2	76,9	82,3	87,7	90,4
1 year 9 months	76,5	79,4	85,1	90,9	93,8
2 years	78,7	81,7	87,8	93,9	97
2 years 3 months	79,9	83,1	89,6	96,1	99,3
2.5 years	81,7	85,1	91,9	98,7	102,1
2 years 9 months	83,4	86,9	94,1	101,2	104,8
3 years	85	88,7	96,1	103,5	107,2
3 years 3 months	86,5	90,3	98	105,7	109,5
3.5 years	88	91,9	99,9	107,8	111,7
3 years 9 months	89,4	93,5	101,6	109,8	113,9
4 years	90,7	94,9	103,3	111,7	115,9
4 years 3 months	92,1	96,4	105	113,6	117,9
4.5 years	93,4	97,8	106,7	115,5	119,9
4 years 9 months	94,7	99,3	108,3	117,4	121,9
5 years	96,1	100,7	110	119,2	123,9
5.5 years	98,7	103,4	112,9	122,4	127,1
6 years	101,2	106,1	116	125,8	130,7
6.5 years	103,6	108,7	118,9	129,1	134,2
7 years	105,9	111,2	121,7	132,3	137,6
8 years	110,3	116	127,3	138,6	144,2
9 years	114,5	120,5	132,6	144,6	150,6
10 years	118,7	125	137,8	150,5	156,9

By observing the dynamics of a child’s growth, it is possible to provide adequate criteria for assessing his health.

How does a boy develop from 11 to 18 years old?

The period of puberty for children is difficult: secondary sexual characteristics develop, hormones are actively produced, voice changes, bones stretch, enlargement of the penis and scrotum. Boys gain weight more rapidly due to increased muscle mass.

Under the influence of hormones, the child does not control his mood. Between 11 and 12 the first changes in the body begin. At 13, 14, 15, teenagers are at the peak of a hormonal explosion. By the age of 16-17, and for some only by the age of 18, the situation gradually stabilizes.

Teenage weight dynamics

A teenager's body weight should be monitored in the same way as an average weight. small child. Nutrition during this period should be as varied and nutritious as possible. The child’s body is being rebuilt, which means it needs more “bricks” for such construction.

At 11-13 years old, adolescents’ metabolic process accelerates; at 14-16 years old, changes in weight are possible due to hormonal changes. By the age of 17-18, body weight remains at a set level and can increase/decrease depending on physical condition, nutrition and exercise.

The weight parameters are shown below:

Age	Body weight, kg
	Very low	Short	Average	High	Very tall
11 years old	26	28	34,9	44,9	51,5
12 years old	28,2	30,7	38,8	50,6	58,7
13 years old	30,9	33,8	43,4	56,8	66
14 years old	34,3	38	48,8	63,4	73,2
15 years	38,7	43	54,8	70	80,1
16 years old	44	48,3	61	76,5	84,7
17-18 years old	49,3	54,6	66,3	80,1	87,8

It is worth remembering that under the influence of hormones during this period, sudden changes in weight are possible, up to exhaustion or obesity. Such problems should be addressed to specialists, because regular diets or overfeeding will not help.

The weight of a schoolchild depends on many factors; it is important for parents to monitor the development of the child so that there is neither thinness nor obesity

Growth dynamics of a teenager

By the age of 12-14, adolescent growth gradually reaches its maximum. By the age of 17-18, boys reach 170-180 cm in height - they become young men. The growth process ends at approximately 18-22 years.

Normal height in adolescents and young men aged 11 to 18 years:

To determine the development of the baby (normal height and average weight relative to age), special centile graphs are used.

At an appointment with a pediatrician, you can hear the doctor assess the indicators, citing a number from 1 to 8. There are several tables for calculating the height indicators of boys and their body weight:

• centile graphs of average height;
• head circumference charts;
• body weight centile tables;
• Chest volume charts.

The result of calculating the ratio of weight and height is called the Quetelet index. This figure will help determine whether your child is suffering from obesity or anorexia. The Quetelet index is calculated using a simple formula: weight divided by height raised to the second power. Use a special calculator, of which there are plenty on the Internet. Special index table for kids different ages will help determine whether there are deviations from the norm and how strong they are.

Age	Height, indicators in cm
	Very low	Short	Average	High	Very tall
11 years old	131,3	134,5	143,2	152,9	156,2
12 years old

As each child develops, it grows and gains weight. Parents who are concerned about their baby growing “correctly” always pay attention to “normal” indicators of body weight and height, focusing on the average data given in the tables of the World Health Organization. When answering the question of how much a child of a certain age should weigh, it should be taken into account that each person’s body has individual characteristics. That is, in order to understand that everything is fine with the child and he is growing normally, you need not only to compare his parameters with the standard, but also to take into account their relationships.

The ratio of height parameters and body weight of a child

The concept of “body mass index” is well known to many parents - especially mothers who watch their figure. To assess the harmonious development of a child and identify possible deviations in height and weight, you will also need to calculate BMI.

It is important to remember that normal values ​​for a baby differ from similar values ​​calculated for the adult population. The normal BMI of an adult is no more than 25; for children, a similar index can vary between 13-21. BMI is calculated to help diagnose the following conditions:

1. obesity requiring treatment;
2. overweight;
3. slightly increased weight, within the permissible range of normal fluctuations;
4. normal weight (see also:);
5. underweight;
6. exhaustion requiring treatment.

Features of the baby's first year of life

In the first twelve months of a child’s life, indicators of his growth and development are directly related to feeding characteristics. In accordance with WHO guidelines, a breastfed child with a birth weight of 3.3 kg (boy) or 3.2 kg (girl) is taken as a standard for developing the table. According to growth standards, the “starting indicators” are taken to be 49.9 cm and 49.1 cm, respectively.

If the baby was born with less body weight and height (this often occurs in children born ahead of schedule, as well as those who were born from short parents), then there is no need to worry that after a month or two he “lags behind” the table indicators.

Until one year of age, the determining factor is not whether height and weight correspond to the table, but their change over time. If a child systematically gains weight and grows, then everything is fine with him, and there is no reason to panic.

Girls' height and weight

Age, months	Weight in grams			Height, cm
	Very low	Norm	Very tall	Very low	Norm	Very tall
0	2000	3200	4800	43,6	49,1	54,7
1	2700	4200	6200	47,8	53,7	59,5
2	3400	5100	7500	51,0	57,1	63,2
3	4000	5800	8500	53,5	59,8	66,1
4	4400	6400	9300	55,6	62,1	68,6
5	4800	6900	10000	57,4	64,0	70,7
6	5100	7300	10600	58,9	65,7	72,5
7	5300	7600	11100	60,3	67,3	74,2
8	5600	7900	11600	61,7	68,7	75,8
9	5800	8200	12000	62,9	70,1	77,4
10	5900	8500	12400	64,1	71,5	78,9
11	6100	8700	12800	65,2	72,8	80,3
12	6300	8900	13100	66,3	74,0	81,7

Height and weight of boys

The characteristics of the weight and height of male children before they reach one year of age are determined according to the same principles as for girls. Monthly weight gain is of decisive importance for monitoring the condition and development of a child - that is, you need to compare the baby first of all with himself, what he was like a month ago.

Age, months	Weight in grams			Height, cm
	Very low	Norm	Very tall	Very low	Norm	Very tall
0	2100	3300	5000	44,2	49,9	55,6
1	2900	4500	6600	48,9	54,7	60,6
2	3800	5600	8000	52,4	58,4	64,4
3	4400	6400	9000	55,3	61,4	67,6
4	4900	7000	9700	57,6	63,9	70,1
5	5300	7500	10400	59,6	65,9	72,2
6	5700	7900	10900	61,2	67,6	74,0
7	5900	8300	11400	62,7	69,2	75,7
8	6200	8600	11900	64,0	70,6	77,2
9	6400	8900	12300	65,2	72,0	78,7
10	6600	9200	12700	66,4	73,3	80,1
11	6800	9400	13000	67,6	74,5	81,5
12	6900	9600	13300	68,6	75,7	82,9

Indicators of a child under 10 years of age

The period from birth to the age of 10 is characterized by rapid growth of the child. However, if before the age of one year the baby grew noticeably and became “heavier” almost every day, at an older age he will grow a little slower.

This is due to changes in metabolism and the growing activity of the baby: a baby spends much less energy and calories on outdoor games than a toddler who has already learned to walk and run, and is now actively exploring the world around him.

Baby's height and weight at 1 year

If we look at the average values, we can note that during the first year of life the baby gains about 6-7 kilograms. Moreover, most of the “gain” occurs in the first six months of life, when the child gains about 700-800 grams in one month. At proper care By 6-7 months, healthy low-weight babies can “catch up” in weight to their peers born with average body weight.

The weight of a one-year-old child is considered normal if its value is in the range between 8 and 12 kg. The increase in height will be about 25 cm. The height of a child at 1 year is approximately 75 cm ± 6 cm.

Height and weight from 2 to 3 years

Between two and three years old, the baby is still growing. However, in his daily routine there is less and less quiet rest and meals, and the amount of time devoted to outdoor games is steadily growing. Normally, during the third year of his life, a child will gain about two to three kilograms (that is, he will weigh 11-15 kg) and grow by 9-10 cm.

Height and weight from 4 to 5 years

The average weight of a harmoniously developed 4-year-old child, according to WHO, is about 16 kg, while a deviation of 2-3 kg up or down is considered normal. The height of a child of this age is 102-103 cm. By his fifth birthday, a preschooler will gain about 2 kg and grow by 7 cm.

Height and weight from 6 to 7 years

If you put a healthy six-year-old baby on the scale, and the screen displays a value in the range of 18-23.5 kg, then he fully complies with the standards developed by WHO. By his seventh birthday, an older preschooler (or a junior schoolchild) will become 2-3 kg heavier. According to growth standards, he will grow by about 5 cm.

Summary table with parameters from 1 to 10 years

For those parents who are worried about the development of their baby, it will be useful to familiarize yourself with the summary table of the height and weight of children, compiled according to WHO data. Here are the average height and weight values ​​for children of both sexes aged 1-10 years. The baby’s parameters do not have to correspond exactly to the values ​​​​given in the table - a deviation of 2-3 kg and a few centimeters in any direction is considered a variation of the norm.

It should also be taken into account that girls grow rapidly after 10 and up to 12 years of age, while in boys a jump is observed at an older age - after 13 and up to 16 years. Girls gain height on average up to 19 years, and boys - up to 22 years.

Age, years	Boys		Girls
	Weight, kg	Height, cm	Weight, kg	Height, cm
1	9,6	75,7	8,9	74,0
2	12,2	87,8	11,5	86,4
3	14,3	96,1	13,9	95,1
4	16,3	103,3	16,1	102,7
5	18,3	110,0	18,2	109,4
6	20,5	116,0	20,2	115,1
7	22,9	121,7	22,4	120,8
8	25,4	127,3	25,0	126,6
9	28,1	132,6	28,2	132,5
10	31,2	137,8	31,9	138,6

Indicators for children from 11 to 18 years old

Indicators that are considered normal at the age of 11-18 years are distinguished by their wide range. This is the period of the onset of puberty, when global changes occur in the teenager’s body. Parents must prepare their growing son or daughter not only physically, but also emotionally.

It should also be borne in mind that following a diet for weight loss at this time is not recommended - a lack of necessary elements before the 18th birthday can lead to serious problems in the future.

The height and body weight standards for children are presented below.

Age, years	Male gender		Female gender
	Weight, kg	Height, cm	Weight, kg	Height, cm
11	31,0-39,9	138,5-148,3	30,7-39	140,2-148,8
12	34,4-45,1	143,6-154,5	36-45,4	145,9-154,2
13	38,0-50,6	149,8-160,6	43-52,5	151,8-159,8
14	42,8-56,6	156,2-167,7	48,2-58	155,4-163,6
15	48,3-62,8	162,5-173,5	50,6-60,5	157,2-166
16	54,0-69,6	166,8-177,8	51,8-61,3	158,0-166,8
17	59,8-74	171,6-181,6	49,2-68	158,6-169,2
18

Factors that influence growth rate and weight gain in children

Growth rate and weight gain depend on a number of factors. First of all, this is, of course, heredity. If the baby’s parents are short and have an asthenic physique, then with a high degree of probability the child’s body weight and height will be similar.

Also, factors affecting weight and height in children include the following:

1. sleep and rest schedule (it is required that the total daily sleep duration corresponds to age);
2. active or passive lifestyle – for active children, weight and height differ in their proportionality;
3. diet - for harmonious development it must include everything essential vitamins, micro and macroelements, be varied;
4. diseases of infectious origin that the child suffered;
5. the presence of genetic pathologies;
6. features of the course of pregnancy in the mother;
7. features of the delivery process.

Deviations from the norm

Significant weight loss or, on the contrary, overweight body, as well as too slow/very intense growth is a consequence of the influence of various factors. To identify the causes of serious deviations, you will need to seek advice from specialists - a geneticist, endocrinologist, neurologist or gastroenterologist.

Depending on individual characteristics In the body, weight correction can be done by making changes in diet and lifestyle; it is much more difficult to influence a child’s growth when abnormalities are identified.