Scales: the attitude of parents to the family role, the attitude of parents to the child - optimal emotional contact, excessive emotional distance, excessive concentration on the child; intra-family relationships.

Purpose of the test

The PARI (Parental Attitude Research Instrument) technique is designed to study the attitudes of parents (primarily mothers) towards different parties family life(family role). Authors are American psychologists E.S. Shefer and R.K. Bell, adapted by T.V. Neshcheret.

Test instructions

Here are questions that will help you find out what parents think about raising children. There are no right or wrong answers here, because... everyone is right in relation to their own views. Try to answer accurately and truthfully.

Some questions may seem the same to you. However, this is not true. The questions are similar, but not the same. This was done in order to capture possible, even small differences in views on raising children.

The questionnaire will take approximately 20 minutes to complete. Do not think about the answer for a long time, answer quickly, trying to give the correct answer that comes to your mind.

Next to each position are the letters A a b B; you need to choose them depending on your belief in the correctness of the given sentence:

. A- if you fully agree with this provision;
. A- if you agree with this provision rather than disagree;
. b- if you disagree with this provision rather than agree;
.B- if you completely disagree with this provision.

Test

1. If children consider their views to be correct, they may not agree with the views of their parents.
2. A good mother should protect her children even from small difficulties and insults.
3. For a good mother, home and family are the most important things in life.
4. Some children are so bad that it is for their own good that they should be taught to fear adults.
5. Children should be aware that their parents do a lot for them.
6. small child You should always hold it firmly in your hands while washing to prevent it from falling off.
7. People who think that there can be no misunderstandings in a good family do not know life.
8. When a child grows up, he will thank his parents for their strict upbringing.
9. Staying with a child all day can lead to nervous exhaustion.
10. It is better if the child does not think about whether his parents’ views are correct.
11. Parents must instill in their children complete confidence in themselves.
12. A child should be taught to avoid fighting, regardless of the circumstances.
13. The worst thing for a mother who does housework is the feeling that it is not easy for her to free herself from her responsibilities.
14. It is easier for parents to adapt to their children than vice versa.
15. A child must learn many necessary things in life, and therefore he should not be allowed to waste valuable time.
16. If you agree once that a child is being sarcastic, he will do it all the time.
17. If fathers did not interfere in raising children, mothers would cope better with their children.
18. There is no need to talk about gender issues in the presence of a child.
19. If the mother did not manage the house, husband and children, everything would happen less organized.
20. A mother should do everything to know what her children are thinking about.
21. If parents were more interested in the affairs of their children, the children would be better and happier.
22. Most children should be able to independently cope with physiological needs from the age of 15 months.
23. The most difficult thing for a young mother is to remain alone in the first years of raising a child.
24. We must encourage children to express their opinions about life and the family, even if they believe that life in the family is wrong.
25. A mother should do everything to protect her child from the disappointments that life brings.
26. Women who lead a carefree life are not very good mothers.
27. It is imperative to eradicate manifestations of nascent malice in children.
28. A mother must sacrifice her happiness for the happiness of her child.
29. All young mothers are afraid of their inexperience in handling a child.
30. Spouses should argue from time to time to prove their rights.
31. Strict discipline towards a child develops strong character in him.
32. Mothers are often so tormented by the presence of their children that it seems to them that they cannot be with them for a minute more.
33. Parents should not appear in a bad light to their children.
34. A child should respect his parents more than others.
35. A child should always seek help from his parents or teachers instead of settling his misunderstandings by fighting.
36. Constantly staying with children convinces the mother that her educational capabilities are less than her skills and abilities (she could, but...).
37. Parents must win the favor of their children through their actions.
38. Children who do not try their hand at achieving success should know that later in life they may encounter failures.
39. Parents who talk to their child about his problems should know that better than a child leave him alone and not delve into his affairs.
40. Husbands, if they do not want to be selfish, should take part in family life.
41. Girls and boys should not be allowed to see each other naked.
42. If the wife is sufficiently prepared to solve problems independently, then this is better for both the children and the husband.
43. A child should not have any secrets from his parents.
44. If it is your custom that children tell you jokes, and you tell them, then many issues can be resolved calmly and without conflicts.
45. If you teach a child to walk early, this has a beneficial effect on his development.
46. ​​It is not good when a mother alone overcomes all the difficulties associated with caring for and raising a child.
47. A child should have his own views and the opportunity to express them freely.
48. We must protect the child from hard work.
49. A woman must choose between housework and entertainment.
50. A smart father should teach his child to respect his superiors.
51. Very few women receive gratitude from their children for the work spent on raising them.
52. If a child is in trouble, in any case the mother always feels guilty.
53. Young spouses, despite the strength of their feelings, always have disagreements that cause irritation.
54. Children who are taught respect for norms of behavior become good and respected people.
55. It rarely happens that a mother who takes care of her child all day manages to be affectionate and calm.
56. Children should not learn outside the home anything that contradicts the views of their parents.
57. Children should know that there are no wiser people than their parents.
58. There is no excuse for a child who hits another child.
59. Young mothers suffer more from their confinement at home than from any other reason.
60. Forcing children to refuse and adapt is a bad method of education.
61. Parents should teach their children to find something to do and not waste free time.
62. Children torment their parents with minor problems if they get used to it from the very beginning.
63. When a mother poorly fulfills her responsibilities towards her children, this probably means that the father does not fulfill his responsibilities to support the family.
64. Children's games with sexual content can lead children to sexual crimes.
65. Only the mother should plan, since only she knows how to run a household.
66. An attentive mother knows what her child is thinking about.
67. Parents who listen with approval to their children's frank statements about their experiences on dates, social gatherings, dances, etc., help them in faster social development.
68. The faster the connection between children and family weakens, the faster children will learn to solve their problems.
69. A smart mother does everything possible to ensure that the child is in good conditions before and after birth.
70. Children should take part in solving important family issues.
71. Parents should know what to do to prevent their children from getting into difficult situations.
72. Too many women forget that their proper place is home.
73. Children need maternal care, which they sometimes lack.
74. Children should be more caring and grateful to their mother for the work invested in them.
75. Most mothers are afraid to torture their child by giving him small tasks.
76. There are many issues in family life that cannot be resolved through calm discussion.
77. Most children should be brought up more strictly than is actually the case.
78. Raising children is hard, nervous work.
79. Children should not doubt the reasonableness of their parents.
80. Children should respect their parents more than anyone else.
81. Children should not be encouraged to take up boxing or wrestling, as this can lead to serious problems.
82. One of the bad things is that the mother does not have free time for her favorite activities.
83. Parents should consider their children equal in all matters of life.
84. When a child does what he is obliged to do, he is on the right path and will be happy.
85. We must leave a child who is sad alone and not deal with him.
86. The greatest desire of any mother is to be understood by her husband.
87. One of the most difficult moments in raising children is sexual problems.
88. If the mother runs the house and takes care of everything, the whole family feels good.
89. Since the child is part of the mother, he has the right to know everything about her life.
90. Children who are allowed to joke and laugh with their parents are more likely to accept their advice.
91. Parents should make every effort to cope with physiological needs as early as possible.
92. Most women need more time for rest after the birth of a child than they are actually given.
93. A child should have confidence that he will not be punished if he trusts his parents with his problems.
94. A child does not need to be accustomed to hard work at home, so that he does not lose the desire for any work.
95. Communication with family is enough for a good mother.
96. Sometimes parents are forced to act against the will of the child.
97. Mothers sacrifice everything for the good of their children.
98. The most important concern of a mother is the well-being and safety of the child.
99. It is natural that two people with opposing views in a marriage quarrel.
100. Raising children in strict discipline makes them happier.
101. Naturally, a mother “goes crazy” if her children are selfish and very demanding.
102. A child should never listen to criticism about his parents.
103. The direct responsibility of children is trust in their parents.
104. Parents, as a rule, prefer calm children to brawlers.
105. A young mother is unhappy because many things that she would like to have are not available to her.
106. There is no reason why parents should have more rights and privileges than children.
107. Than earlier child will understand that there is no point in wasting time, so much the better for him.
108. Children do everything possible to interest their parents in their problems.
109. Few men understand that the mother of their child also needs joy.
110. There is something wrong with a child if he asks a lot about sexual matters.
111. When getting married, a woman must be aware that she will be forced to manage family affairs.
112. It is the mother’s duty to know the secret thoughts of the child.
113. If you include a child in household chores, it is easier for him to trust them with his problems.
114. It is necessary to stop breastfeeding and bottle-feeding your child as soon as possible (teach him to feed himself).
115. You cannot demand too much responsibility from a mother towards her children.

Processing and interpretation of test results

Key to the test

Feature No. Features No. of questions
Attitude to family role
3 Dependence on family 3 26 49 72 95
5 Feeling of self-sacrifice 5 28 51 74 97
7 Family conflicts 7 30 53 76 99
11 Superauthority of parents 11 34 57 80 103
13 Dissatisfaction with the role of the housewife 13 36 59 82 105
17 Indifference of husband 17 40 63 86 109
19 Mother's dominance 19 42 65 88 111
23 Lack of independence of the mother 23 46 69 92 115


1 Verbalization 1 24 47 70 93
14 Partnerships 14 37 60 83 106
15 Development of child activity 15 38 61 84 107
21 Equalized ratios 21 44 67 90 113

8 Irritability 8 31 54 77 100
9 Excessive severity 9 32 55 78 101
16 Avoidance of conflict 16 39 62 85 108

2 Excessive care 2 25 48 71 94
4 Suppression of will 4 27 50 73 96
6 Fear of offending 6 29 52 75 98
10 Elimination of intra-family influences 10 33 56 79 102
12 Suppression of aggressiveness 12 35 58 81 104
18 Sexual suppression 18 41 64 87 110
20 Extraordinary intervention in the child’s world 20 43 66 89 112
22 The desire to accelerate the development of the child 22 45 68 91 114

Points for answers are awarded in accordance with the following scheme:

. A- 4 points;
. A- 3 points;
. b- 2 points;
.B- 1 point.

Processing test results

The methodology identifies 23 aspects-signs relating to different aspects of the parents’ relationship to the child and life in the family. Of these, 8 characteristics describe attitudes toward the family role and 15 relate to parent-child relationships. These 15 signs are divided into the following 3 groups:

1. Optimal emotional contact,
2. Excessive emotional distance with the child,
3. Excessive concentration on the child.

Attitude to family role

Described using 8 signs (their numbers are 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23):

Limitation of a woman’s interests within the family, caring exclusively about the family (3);
. a sense of self-sacrifice in the role of mother (5);
. family conflicts (7);
. super-authority of parents (11);
. dissatisfaction with the role of housewife (13);
. “indifference” of the husband, his lack of involvement in family affairs (17);
. maternal dominance (19);
. dependence and lack of independence of the mother (23).

Attitude of parents to child

Optimal emotional contact(consists of 4 signs, their numbers according to the questionnaire: 1, 14, 15, 21);

Encouraging verbal manifestations, verbalizations (1);
. partnerships (14);
. development of child activity (15);
. equalizing relationship between parents and child (21).

Excessive emotional distance with the child(consists of 3 signs, their numbers according to the questionnaire: 8, 9, 16):

Irritability, hot temper (8);
. severity, excessive severity (9);
. avoidance of contact with the child (16).

Excessive concentration on the child(described by 8 signs, their numbers according to the questionnaire: 2, 4, 6, 10, 12, 18, 20, 22):

Excessive care, establishment of dependent relationships (2);
. overcoming resistance, suppression of will (4);
. creating security, fear of offending (6);
. exclusion of extra-familial influences (10);
. suppression of aggressiveness (12);
. suppression of sexuality (18);
. excessive interference in the child’s world (20);
. the desire to accelerate the development of the child (20).

Each attribute is measured using 5 judgments, balanced in terms of measuring ability and semantic content. The entire methodology consists of 115 judgments. The sum of digital significance determines the severity of the trait:

20 - maximum characteristic score;
. 18, 19, 20 - high marks;
. 8, 7, 6 - low scores;
. 5 is the minimum score for the attribute.

Interpretation of test results

The technique allows you to evaluate the specifics inside family relations, features of the organization of family life.

In a family, you can isolate certain aspects of relationships:

Household, organization of family life (in the methodology these are scales 3, 13, 19, 23);
. interspousal, related to moral, emotional support, organization of leisure, creation of an environment for personal development, one’s own and that of a partner (in the methodology this is scale 17);
. relationships that ensure the upbringing of children are “pedagogical” (in the scale methodology 5, 11).

High scores on scale 7 (family conflicts) may indicate conflict, and the possible transfer of family conflict to industrial relations. In this case, psychological assistance is aimed at resolving family conflicts and improving relations in the production team.

High scores on scale 3 (dependence on family) indicate priority family problems above production, about the secondary interests of “business”, the opposite can be said about scale 13 (dissatisfaction with the role of the housewife). Individuals with high scores on this characteristic (3) are characterized by dependence on the family and low consistency in the distribution of economic functions. Poor family integration is evidenced by scores on scales 17, 19, 23.

Sources

PARI method (E.S. Shefer, R.K. Bell; adaptation by T.V. Neshcheret) / Psychological tests. Ed. A.A. Karelin - M., 2001, T.2., P.130-143

The style of communication with a child is largely determined by family traditions. Mothers reproduce the parenting style of their own childhood and repeat the style of their mothers. The characterological characteristics of parents are one of the significant determinants of parental attitudes. The pathological sharpness of characterological traits in parents gives rise to specific characteristics of the attitude towards the child. For example, parents may not notice those character traits in themselves, to the slightest manifestation of which in a child they react affectively and painfully, persistently trying to eradicate them. Thus, parents unconsciously project their problems onto the child.

Purpose. The PARI (parent-child relationship) technique is designed to study the attitude of parents (primarily mothers) to different aspects of family life (family role). The methodology also highlights aspects-signs relating to different aspects of the parent’s relationship with the child. The authors of the method are American psychologists E.S. Schaeffer and R.C. Bell.

Instructions:
Here are questions that will help you find out what parents think about raising children. There are no right or wrong answers here, since everyone is right in relation to their own views. Try to answer accurately and truthfully.

Some questions may seem the same to you. However, this is not true. There are questions that are similar, but not the same. This was done in order to capture possible, even small differences in views on raising children.

The questionnaire will take approximately 20 minutes to complete. Don’t think about your answer for a long time, answer quickly, try to give the first answer that comes to your mind.

Next to each position there are the letters A a b B; you need to choose them depending on your belief in the correctness of this position:
A - if you fully agree with this provision;
a - if you rather agree with this provision than disagree;
b - if you disagree with this provision rather than agree;
B - if you completely disagree with this provision. Please tell us about yourself: Age Gender

Education Profession
Number and age of children.
1. If children consider their views to be correct, they may not agree with the views of their parents.
2. A good mother should protect her children even from small difficulties and insults.
3. For a good mother, home and family are the most important things in life.
4. Some children are so bad that for their own good they need to be taught to fear adults.
5. Children should be aware that their parents do a lot for them.
6. A small child should always be held firmly while washing to prevent him from falling.
7. People who think that there can be no misunderstandings in a good family do not know life.
8. When a child grows up, he will thank his parents for their strict upbringing.
9. Staying with a child all day can lead to nervous exhaustion.
10. It is better if the child does not think about whether his parents’ views are correct.
11. Parents must instill in their children complete confidence in themselves.
12. A child should be taught to avoid fighting regardless of the circumstances.
13. The worst thing for a mother who does housework is the feeling that it is not easy for her to free herself from her responsibilities.
14. It is easier for parents to adapt to their children than vice versa.
15. A child must learn many necessary things in life, and therefore he should not be allowed to waste valuable time.
16. If you agree once that a child is being sarcastic, he will do it all the time.
17. If fathers did not interfere in raising children, mothers would cope better with their children.
18. There is no need to talk about gender issues in the presence of a child.
19. If the mother did not manage the house, husband and children, everything would happen less organized.
20. A mother should do everything to know what her children are thinking about.
21. If parents were more interested in the affairs of their children, the children would be better and happier.
22. Most children should be able to independently cope with physiological needs from the age of 15 months.
23. The most difficult thing for a young mother is to remain alone in the first years of raising a child.
24. We must encourage children to express their opinions about life in the family, even if they believe that life in the family is wrong.
25. A mother should do everything to protect her child from the disappointments that life brings.
26. Women who lead a carefree life are not very good mothers.
27. It is imperative to eradicate manifestations of incipient malice in children.
28. A mother must sacrifice her happiness for the happiness of her child.
29. All young mothers are afraid of their inexperience in handling a child.
30. Spouses should argue from time to time to prove their rights.
31. Strict discipline towards a child develops strong character in him.
32. Mothers are often so tormented by the presence of their children that it seems to them that they cannot be with them for a minute more.
33. Parents should not appear in a bad light to their children.
34. A child should respect his parents more than others.
35. A child should always seek help from his parents or teachers instead of settling his misunderstandings by fighting.
36. Constantly staying with children convinces the mother that her educational capabilities are less than her skills and abilities (she could, but...).
37. Parents must win the favor of their children through their actions.
38. Children who do not try their hand at achieving success should know that later in life they may encounter failures.
39. Parents who talk with a child about his problems should know that it is better to leave the child alone and not get involved in his affairs.
40. Husbands, if they do not want to be selfish, should take part in family life.
41. Girls and boys should not be allowed to see each other naked.
42. If the wife is sufficiently prepared to solve problems independently, then this is better for both the children and the husband.
43. A child should not have secrets from his parents. AabB
44. If it is your custom that children tell you jokes, and you tell them, then many issues can be resolved calmly and without conflicts. AabB
45. If you teach a child to walk early, this will have a beneficial effect on his development.
46. ​​It is not good when a mother alone overcomes all the difficulties associated with caring for and raising a child.
47. A child should have his own views and the opportunity to express them freely.
48. We must protect the child from hard work.
49. A woman must choose between housework and entertainment.
50. A smart father should teach his child to respect his superiors.
51. Very few women receive gratitude from their children for the work spent on raising them.
52. If a child is in trouble, in any case the mother always feels guilty.
53. Young spouses, despite the strength of their feelings, always have disagreements that cause irritation.
54. Children who are taught respect for norms of behavior become good, stable and respected people.
55. It rarely happens that a mother who spends all day with her child manages to be affectionate and calm.
56. Children should not learn outside the home anything that contradicts the views of their parents.
57. Children should know that there are no wiser people than their parents.
58. There is no excuse for a child who hits another child.
59. Young mothers suffer more from their confinement at home than from any other reason.
60. Forcing children to refuse and adapt is a bad method of education.
61. Parents should teach their children to find something to do and not waste free time.
62. Children torment their parents with minor problems if they get used to it from the very beginning.
63. When a mother poorly fulfills her responsibilities towards her children, this probably means that the father does not fulfill his responsibilities to support the family.
64. Children's games with sexual content can lead children to sexual crimes.
65. Only the mother should plan, since only she knows how to run a household.
66. An attentive mother should know what her child is thinking about.
67. Parents who listen with approval to their children's frank statements about their experiences on dates, social gatherings, dances, etc., help them in faster social development.
68. The faster the connection between children and family weakens, the faster children will learn to solve their problems.
69. A smart mother does everything possible to ensure that the child is in good conditions before and after birth.
70. Children should take part in solving important family issues.
71. Parents should know what to do to prevent their children from getting into difficult situations.
72. Too many women forget that their proper place is home.
73. Children need maternal care, which they sometimes lack.
74. Children should be more caring and grateful to their mother for the work invested in them.
75. Most mothers are afraid to teach their child, giving him small tasks.
76. There are many issues in family life that cannot be resolved through calm discussion.
77. Most children should be brought up more strictly than is actually the case.
78. Raising children is hard, nervous work.
79. Children should not doubt the way their parents think.
80. Children should respect their parents more than anyone else.
81. Children should not be encouraged to take up boxing and wrestling as this can lead to serious body damage and other problems.
82. One of the bad things is that the mother, as a rule, does not have free time for her favorite activities.
83. Parents should consider their children equal to themselves in all matters of life.
84. When a child does what he is obliged to do, he is on the right path and will be happy.
85. We must leave a child who is sad alone and not deal with him.
86. The greatest desire of any mother is to be understood by her husband. AabB
87. One of the most difficult moments in raising children is sexual problems.
88. If the mother runs the house and takes care of everything, the whole family feels good.
89. Since the child is part of the mother, she has the right to know everything about his life.
90. Children who are allowed to joke and laugh with their parents are more likely to accept their advice.
91. Parents should make every effort to teach their child to cope with physiological needs as early as possible.
92. Most women need more time to rest after giving birth than they are actually given.
93. A child should have confidence that he will not be punished if he trusts his parents with his problems.
94. A child does not need to be accustomed to hard work at home, so that he does not lose the desire for any work.
95. For a good mother, communication with her own family is enough.
96. Sometimes parents are forced to act against the will of the child.
97. Mothers sacrifice everything for the good of their children.
98. The most important concern of a mother is the well-being and safety of the child.
99. It is natural that two people with opposing views in a marriage quarrel.
100. Raising children with strict discipline makes them happier.
101. Naturally, a mother “goes crazy” if her children are selfish and very demanding.
102. A child should never listen to critical remarks about his parents.
103. The first duty of children is trust in their parents.
104. Parents, as a rule, prefer calm children to brawlers.
105. A young mother feels unhappy because she knows that many things that she would like to have are not available to her.
106. There is no reason why parents should have more rights and privileges than children.
107. The sooner a child understands that there is no point in wasting time, the better for him.
108. Children do everything possible to interest their parents in their problems.
109. Few men understand that the mother of their child also needs joy in life.
110. There is something wrong with a child if he asks a lot about sexual matters.
111. When getting married, a woman must be aware that she will be forced to manage family affairs.
112. It is the mother’s duty to know the secret thoughts of the child.
113. If you include your child in homework, he will become more in touch with his parents and it will be easier for him to trust them with his problems.
114. It is necessary to stop breastfeeding and bottle-feeding the child as early as possible (teach the child to feed “independently”).
115. You cannot demand too much responsibility from a mother towards her children.

The methodology identifies 23 aspect-signs relating to different aspects of the parents’ relationship to the child and life in the family. Of these, 8 signs describe attitudes towards the family role and 15 relate to parent-child relationships. These 15 signs are divided into 3 groups: I - optimal emotional contact, II - excessive emotional distance with the child; III - excessive concentration on the child.

Scales these look like this:
ATTITUDE TO FAMILY ROLE
Described using 8 signs, their numbers in the questionnaire are 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23:
- limitation of a woman’s interests within the framework of the family, caring exclusively about the family (3);
- a feeling of self-sacrifice in the role of a mother (5);
- family conflicts (7);
- super-authority of parents (11);
- dissatisfaction with the role of the housewife (13);
- “indifference” of the husband, his lack of involvement in family affairs (17);
- mother's dominance (19);
- dependence and lack of independence of the mother (23).

PARENTS' ATTITUDE TO THE CHILD
I. Optimal emotional contact (consists of 4 signs, their numbers on the questionnaire are 1, 14, 15,21):
- encouraging verbal manifestations, verbalizations (1);
- partnerships (14);
- development of child activity (15);
- equalizing relationship between parents and child (21).
II. Excessive emotional distance with the child (consists of 3 signs, their numbers on the questionnaire are 8,9, 16):
- irritability, short temper (8);
- severity, excessive severity (9);
- avoidance of contact with the child (16).
III. Excessive concentration on the child (described by 8 signs, their numbers on the questionnaire are 2, 4, 6, 10, 12, 18, 20, 22):
- excessive care, establishment of dependent relationships (2);
- overcoming resistance, suppression of will (4);
- creating security, fear of offending (6);
- exclusion of extra-family influences (10);
- suppression of aggressiveness (12);
- suppression of sexuality (18);
- excessive interference in the child’s world (20);
- desire to accelerate the development of the child (22). Each attribute is measured using 5 judgments, balanced in terms of measuring ability and semantic content. The entire methodology consists of 115 judgments. Judgments are arranged in a certain sequence, and the respondent must express an attitude towards them in the form of active or partial agreement or disagreement. The scheme for converting answers into points is contained in the “key” of the methodology. The amount of digital significance determines the severity of the trait. Thus, the maximum severity of the trait is 20, the minimum is 5; 18, 19, 20 - high scores, respectively - 8, 7, 6, 5 - low.

It makes sense to analyze high and low scores first.

For a psychologist working in a production team, perhaps of greater interest is a block of scales aimed at identifying parents’ attitudes toward the family role.

In a family, you can isolate certain aspects of relationships:

• household, organization of family life (in the methodology these are scales 3, 13, 19, 23);
• interspousal, related to moral, emotional support, organization of leisure, creation of an environment for personal development, one’s own and that of a partner (in the methodology this is scale 17);
• relationships that ensure the upbringing of children are “pedagogical” (in the scale methodology 5, 11).

By looking at the digital data, you can create a “preliminary portrait” of the family. Scale 7 (family conflicts) is very important. High scores on this scale may indicate conflict, the transfer of family conflict to industrial relations.

Psychological assistance is aimed at resolving family conflicts and improving relationships in the production team.

High scores on scale 3 indicate the priority of family problems over production ones, the secondary nature of the interests of the “business”, the opposite can be said about scale 13. Individuals with high scores on this criterion are characterized by dependence on the family, low consistency in the distribution of economic functions . Poor family integration is indicated by high scores on scales 17, 19, 23.

An analysis of the attitude towards the family role will help the psychologist to better understand the specifics of the subject’s family relationships and provide him with psychological assistance.

Parent-child relationships are the main subject of analysis in the methodology.

The main conclusion that can be drawn immediately is to evaluate parent-child contact from the point of view of its optimality. To do this, the average ratings for the first three groups of scales are compared: optimal contact, emotional distance, concentration.

Of special interest is the analysis of individual scales, which is often the key to understanding the characteristics of a failed relationship between parents and child, and the zone of tension in these relationships.

The technique can also assist in preparing and conducting a psychodiagnostic conversation.

Signs:
1) verbalization;
2) excessive care;
3) dependence on family;
4) suppression of will;
5) a feeling of self-sacrifice;
6) fear of offending;
7) family conflicts;
8) irritability;
9) excessive severity;
10) exclusion of non-family influences;
11) super-authority of parents;
12) suppression of aggressiveness;
13) dissatisfaction with the role of the hostess;
14) partnerships;
15) development of child activity;
16) avoidance of conflict;
17) indifference of the husband;
18) repressed sexuality;
19) mother's dominance;
20) extreme interference in the child’s world;
21) equalization of relations;
22) desire to accelerate the development of the child;
23) lack of independence of the mother.

A person’s life values ​​are laid down in childhood. The child naturally copies the behavior patterns learned in the family. In addition, the atmosphere in the house is decisive for normal mental health person. Many modern mothers and fathers strive to approach parenting issues consciously so that their children grow up emotionally balanced and able to interact normally with society. A proven way to identify parental attitudes is testing using the PARI method, which allows you to understand the motives that guide adults in their relationship with a child.

Characteristics of the methodology for measuring parental attitudes PARI (PARI)

The PARI questionnaire was developed by American researchers E.S. Schaefer and R.K. Bell, who dealt with issues of education (the original name of the methodology was Parental Attitude Research Instrument - PARI). For Russian psychologists and teachers, the test was revised and adapted by candidate of psychological sciences T.V. Nesheret.

The technique is designed to identify the style of interpersonal relationships and parents’ ideas about various areas of family life. Adults often do not notice that they are guided in raising a child by unconscious motives rooted in their own youth. The purpose of testing is to detect mistakes or excesses that parents make in the process of interacting with children, and then correct them, including with the help of a professional psychologist.

PARI is considered a reliable method for studying parent-child relationships; the degree of validity of diagnostic results is quite high.

The test is a questionnaire of 115 statements relating to various aspects of family interactions and involving one of four answer options.

Analysis of test results using the PARI method will help you understand what mistakes adults make in relationships with each other and children

Questionnaire text

1. If children believe their views are correct, they may disagree with their parents' opinions.
2. A good mother should protect her children even from small difficulties and insults.
3. For a good mother, home and family are the most important things in life.
4. Some children are so bad that for their own good they need to be taught to fear adults.
5. Children should be aware that their parents do a lot for them.
6. A small child should always be held firmly while washing to prevent him from falling.
7. People who think that there can be no misunderstandings in a good family do not know life.
8. When a child grows up, he will thank his parents for their strict upbringing.
9. Staying with a child all day can lead to nervous exhaustion.
10. It is better if the child does not think about whether his parents’ views are correct or not.
11. Parents must instill in their children complete confidence in themselves.
12. A child should be taught to avoid fighting, regardless of the circumstances.
13. The worst thing for a mother doing housework is to feel that it is not easy for her to free herself from her responsibilities.
14. It is easier for parents to adapt to their children than vice versa.
15. A child must learn many necessary things in life, so he should not be allowed to waste valuable time.
16. If you agree once that a child is being sarcastic, he will do it all the time.
17. If fathers did not interfere in raising children, mothers would cope better with their children.
18. There is no need to talk about gender issues in the presence of a child.
19. If the mother did not manage the house, husband and children, everything would happen less organized.
20. A mother must do everything to know what her children are thinking.
21. If parents were more interested in their children's affairs, the children would be better and happier.
22. Most children should be able to cope with their physiological needs independently from the age of 15 months.
23. The most difficult thing for a young mother is to remain alone in the first years of raising a child.
24. We must encourage children to express their opinions about life in the family, even if they believe that life in the family is wrong.
25. A mother must do everything to protect her child from the disappointments that life brings.
26. Women who lead carefree lives are not very good mothers.
27. It is imperative to eradicate manifestations of nascent malice in children.
28. A mother must sacrifice her happiness for the happiness of her child.
29. All young mothers are afraid of inexperience in handling a child.
30. Spouses must argue from time to time to prove their rights.
31. Strict discipline towards a child develops strong character in him.
32. Mothers are often so tormented by the presence of their children that they feel as if they cannot be with them for another minute.
33. Parents should not appear in a bad light to their children.
34. A child should respect his parents more than others.
35. A child should always seek help from his parents or teachers instead of settling his misunderstandings by fighting.
36. Constantly being with children convinces the mother that her educational capabilities are less than her skills and abilities (she could, but...).
37. Parents must win the favor of their children through their actions.
38. Children who do not try their hand at achieving success should know that they may face failure later in life.
39. Parents who talk with their child about his problems should know that it is better to leave the child alone and not get involved in his affairs.
40. Husbands, if they do not want to be selfish, should take part in family life.
41. Girls and boys should not be allowed to see each other naked.
42. If the wife is sufficiently prepared to solve problems on her own, then this is better for both the children and the husband.
43. A child should not have secrets from his parents.
44. If it is your custom that children tell you jokes, and you tell them, then many issues can be resolved calmly and without conflicts.
45. If you teach your child to walk early, it will have a beneficial effect on his development.
46. It is not good when a mother alone overcomes all the difficulties associated with caring for and raising a child.
47. The child should have his own views and the opportunity to express them freely.
48. We must protect the child from hard work.
49. A woman must choose between housework and entertainment.
50. A smart father must teach his child to respect his superiors.
51. Very few women receive gratitude from their children for the work they put into raising them.
52. If a child is in trouble, the mother always feels guilty in any case.
53. Young spouses, despite the strength of their feelings, always have disagreements that cause irritation.
54. Children who are taught respect for norms of behavior become good, resilient and respected people.
55. It rarely happens that a mother who spends all day with her child manages to be affectionate and calm.
56. Children should not learn outside the home anything that is contrary to the views of their parents.
57. Children should know that there are no wiser people than their parents.
58. There is no excuse for a child who hits another child.
59. Young mothers suffer more from their confinement at home than from any other reason.
60. Forcing children to refuse and conform is a bad method of parenting.
61. Parents should teach their children to find something to do and not waste free time.
62. Children torment their parents with minor problems if they get used to it from the very beginning.
63. When a mother poorly fulfills her responsibilities towards her children, this probably means that the father does not fulfill his responsibilities to support the family.
64. Children's games with sexual content can lead children to sexual crimes.
65. Only the mother should plan, since only she knows how to run a household.
66. An attentive mother should know what her child is thinking about.
67. Parents who listen with approval to their children's frank statements about their experiences on dates, social gatherings, dances, and so on, help them develop more quickly socially.
68. The faster the connection between children and family weakens, the faster children will learn to resolve their problems.
69. A smart mother does everything possible to ensure that the child is in good conditions before and after birth.
70. Children should take part in solving important family issues.
71. Parents need to know what to do to prevent their children from getting into difficult situations.
72. Too many women forget that the right place for them is home.
73. Children need maternal care, which they sometimes lack.
74. Children should be more caring and grateful to their mother for the work she puts into them.
75. Most mothers are afraid to torture their child by giving him small tasks.
76. There are many issues in family life that cannot be resolved through calm discussion.
77. Most children should be raised more strictly than is actually the case.
78. Raising children is hard and stressful work.
79. Children should not question their parents' way of thinking.
80. More than anything else, children should respect their parents.
81. Children should not be encouraged to take up boxing and wrestling as this can lead to serious body problems and other problems.
82. One of the bad things is that the mother, as a rule, does not have free time for her favorite activities.
83. Parents should consider their children equal to themselves in all matters of life.
84. When a child does what he is supposed to do, he is on the right path and will be happy.
85. You need to leave a child who is sad alone and not deal with him.
86. The greatest desire of any mother is to be understood by her husband.
87. One of the most difficult aspects of raising children is sexual problems.
88. If the mother runs the house and takes care of everything, the whole family feels good.
89. Since the child is part of the mother, she has the right to know everything about his life.
90. Children who are allowed to joke and laugh with their parents are more likely to accept their advice.
91. Parents should make every effort to teach their child to cope with physiological needs as early as possible.
92. Most women need more time to rest after giving birth than they are actually given.
93. The child should have confidence that he will not be punished if he trusts his parents with his problems.
94. The child does not need to be accustomed to hard work at home so that he does not lose the desire for any work.
95. For a good mother, communication with her own family is enough.
96. Sometimes parents are forced to act against the will of the child.
97. Mothers sacrifice everything for the good of their children.
98. The mother's main concern is the well-being and safety of the child.
99. It is natural that two people with opposing views in a marriage quarrel.
100. Raising children with strict discipline makes them happier.
101. Naturally, a mother goes crazy if her children are selfish and very demanding.
102. A child should never listen to criticism about his parents.
103. The first responsibility of children is trust in their parents.
104. Parents, as a rule, prefer calm children to brawlers.
105. The young mother feels unhappy because she knows that many things that she would like to have are not available to her.
106. There is no reason why parents should have more rights and privileges than children.
107. The sooner a child understands that there is no point in wasting time, the better for him.
108. Children do everything possible to interest their parents in their problems.
109. Few men understand that the mother of their child also needs joy in life.
110. There is something wrong with a child if he asks a lot about sexual matters.
111. When getting married, a woman must be aware that she will be forced to manage family affairs.
112. It is the mother's duty to know the secret thoughts of the child.
113. If you include your child in homework, he becomes more connected with his parents and more easily trusts them with his problems.
114. It is necessary to stop breastfeeding and bottle-feeding your child as soon as possible (teach him to feed himself).
115. You cannot demand too much responsibility from a mother towards her children.

The procedure for studying the style of relationship between parents and children

To organize a test using the Pari method, you need to prepare:

• stimulus material (list of questions) in sufficient quantity;
• answer sheets;
• pens;
• clock or stopwatch.

Diagnostics can be carried out individually or in small groups. The standard time to complete the test is 20 minutes. Parents are given questionnaires and forms on which they write down their first and last name, gender, age, place of work, number of children and how old they are.

It is not prohibited to test parents in group form

It is recommended to accompany the preparation of adults for testing with similar instructions: “Here is a list of 115 statements relating to various aspects of family life. On a separate form you need to express your agreement or disagreement with each of them by placing a mark next to the number of a particular statement that corresponds to your opinion: A - absolutely agree; a - rather agree than disagree; b - rather disagree than agree; B - I completely disagree. You should not spend too much time thinking - the first spontaneous reaction will be the most valuable to the researcher. Try to answer honestly, because only in this case will it be possible to create a plausible portrait of you (as a parent) and give the necessary recommendations.”

Subjects should pay attention to the fact that similar statements are found in the questionnaire. Anticipating confusion, it is necessary to clarify: they are formulated in such a way as to reveal the smallest nuances of parent-child relationships, so you should read the text carefully.

After the allotted time has passed, the experimenter needs to ask the parents to return the forms so that the answers can be analyzed.

Processing and interpretation of diagnostic results

The responses of a particular subject are assessed on the following scale:

• A - 4 points;
• a - 3 points;
• b - 2 points;
• B - 1 point.

The Pari method describes 23 different aspects of family relationships:

1. Verbalization.
2. Excessive concern.
3. Dependency on family.
4. Suppression of will.
5. Feeling of self-sacrifice.
6. Fear of offending.
7. Family conflicts.
8. Irritability.
9. Excessive severity.
10. Elimination of intra-family influences.
11. Superauthority of parents.
12. Suppression of aggressiveness.
13. Dissatisfaction with the role of the housewife.
14. Partnerships.
15. Development of child activity.
16. Avoiding conflict.
17. Husband's indifference.
18. Suppression of sexuality.
19. Mother's dominance.
20. Extraordinary intervention in the world of a child.
21. Equalized relationships.
22. The desire to accelerate the development of the child.
23. Mother's lack of independence.

These signs, in turn, are combined into groups. For example, the category “Attitude to the family role” describes the parent’s vision of himself as a father or mother, and “Parent’s attitude towards the child” allows us to identify various aspects of interpersonal interactions in the family.

The questionnaire touches on signs of a variety of problems in the relationship between parents and children.

Table: Signs and corresponding statements

Feature No.	Sign	No. of questions
Attitude to family role
3	Family dependence	3	26	49	72	95
5	Feeling of self-sacrifice	5	28	51	74	97
7	Family conflicts	7	30	53	76	99
11	Superauthority of parents	11	34	57	80	103
13	Dissatisfaction with the role of the hostess	13	36	59	82	105
17	Husband's indifference	17	40	63	86	109
19	Mother Domination	19	42	65	88	111
23	Mother's lack of independence	23	46	69	92	115
Parents' attitude towards the child
Optimal emotional contact
1	Verbalization	1	24	47	70	93
14	Partnerships	14	37	60	83	106
15	Development of child activity	15	38	61	84	107
21	Equalized relations	21	44	67	90	113
Excessive emotional distance with the child
8	Irritability	8	31	54	77	100
9	Excessive severity	9	32	55	78	101
16	Avoiding Conflict	16	39	62	85	108
Excessive concentration on the child
2	Excessive concern	2	25	48	71	94
4	Suppression of will	4	27	50	73	96
6	Fear of offending	6	29	52	75	98
10	Elimination of intra-family influences	10	33	56	79	102
12	Suppression of Aggression	12	35	58	81	104
18	Sexual suppression	18	41	64	87	110
20	Extraordinary intervention in a child's world	20	43	66	89	112
22	The desire to accelerate the development of the child	22	45	68	91	114

The points scored on various scales help form a psychological portrait of the family. The higher the resulting sum of points for any attribute, the more strongly this or that trait is manifested in family relationships:

• 20 - maximum score;
• 18, 19, 20 - high;
• 8, 7, 6 - low;
• 5 is the minimum score.

High scores on one scale or another indicate a hypertrophied aspect of the interaction between parent and child. In this case, individual recommendations from a psychologist are required to resolve tension in the problem area. For example, large number the points scored on the “Family Conflicts” scale gives an idea of ​​how controversial situations are resolved within a social unit; the sign “Excessive care” helps to identify parents’ tendency to be overprotective; The criterion “Suppression of sexuality” allows us to predict possible problems child in the field of intersexual relations.

Processing the results involves a large number of calculations, so the organizer needs to be very careful

When interpreting the results, the experimenter should use different cues to evaluate mothers' and fathers' responses. Below are tables with average statistical norms for parents of both sexes for all tested characteristics.

Psychologists and teachers conducting diagnostics need to pay special attention to those cases when the scores scored by test subjects significantly exceed the standards.

Table: Test norms (fathers)

Scale number	Breakdown of scores by grade
	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10
1	5–11	12–13	14	15–16	17	18	19	20	20	20
2	5–7	8	9	4	11–12	13–14	15–16	17–18	19–20	20
3	5–8	9–10	11–12	13	14–15	16	17–18	19	20	20
4	5–9	10	11–12	13	14	15–16	17	18	19	20
5	5–11	12	13	14	15–16	17	18–19	18–19	20	20
6	5–10	11–12	13	14	15–16	17	18	19	20	20
7	5–9	10	11–12	13	14–15	16	17	18–19	20	20
8	5–6	7–8	9–10	11	12–13	14–16	17	18–19	20	20
9	5–7	8	9–10	11	12–13	14–15	16	17	19	20
10	5–10	11–12	13	14	15	16	17	18–19	20	20
11	5–8	9	10	11–12	13–14	15–16	17	18–19	20	20
12	5–8	9	10	11	12–14	15–16	17	18	19–20	20
13	5–7	8	9	10–11	12	13–14	14–16	17–18	19	20
14	5–11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18–19	18–19	20
15	5–12	13	14	15–16	17	18	19	20	20	20
16	5–9	10	11	12	13–14	15	16	17	18–19	20
17	5–10	11	12	13–14	15	16–17	18–19	20	20	20
18	5–8	9–10	11–12	13	14–15	16–17	18	19	20	20
19	5–7	8	9–10	11	12–13	14–15	16–17	18	19	20
20	5–9	10	11–12	13–14	15	16–17	18	19	20	20
21	5–14	15 16	17–18	19	19	20	20	20	20	20
22	5–8	9–12	13	13	14–15	16	17–18	19	20	20
23	5–12	13–14	15	16	17	18	19	20	20	20

Website material - encyclopedia of psychodiagnostics

Description of the technique

Methodology for studying parental attitudes(Parental Attitude Research Instrument - PARI) is designed to study the attitude of parents (primarily mothers) to different aspects of family life (family role). The authors are American psychologists E.S. Schaefer and R.K. Bell, in Russia the technique was adapted by T.V. Nesheret.

The PARI questionnaire includes 115 statements about family life and parenting. It contains 23 scales relating to different aspects of the parents’ attitude towards the child and life in the family, each scale has 5 questions. Of these, 8 scales describe attitudes toward family roles and 15 relate to parent-child relationships. In turn, these 15 scales are divided into the following 3 groups:

• 1 - optimal emotional contact,
• 2 - excessive emotional distance with the child,
• 3 - excessive concentration on the child.

There are scales that are interconnected. Judgments are arranged in a certain sequence, and the respondent must express his attitude towards them in the form of active or partial agreement or disagreement:

• A– active consent
• A- partial consent
• b– partial disagreement
• B- complete disagreement.

Procedure

Instructions

“Read each statement below and rate each as follows:

• A - completely agree;
• a - almost agree;
• b - rather agree;
• B - completely disagree.

There are no right or wrong answers here, so you answer according to your opinion. It is very important that you answer all questions. Many statements will appear similar, but they are all necessary to capture subtle differences in views."

Processing the results

The test results are entered into a special table, in the rows of which are the numbers of 5 questions that “measure” one or another aspect (sign) of the parental attitude towards the child (methodology scales).

Aspects - signs (scales)

The questionnaire combines the following scales:

1. Verbalization
2. Excessive concern
3. Family dependence
4. Suppression of will
5. Feeling of self-sacrifice
6. Fear of offending
7. Family conflicts
8. Irritability
9. Excessive severity
10. Elimination of intra-family influences
11. Superauthority of parents
12. Suppression of Aggression
13. Dissatisfaction with the role of hostess
14. Partnerships
15. Child activity development
16. Avoiding Conflict
17. Husband's indifference
18. Sexual suppression
19. Mother Domination
20. Extraordinary intervention in a child's world
21. Equalized relations
22. The desire to accelerate the development of the child
23. Mother's lack of independence

Key

A - 4 points; a - 3 points; b - 2 points; B - 1 point.

Feature No.	Signs	No. of questions
Attitude to family role
3	Family dependence	3	26	49	72	95
5	Feeling of self-sacrifice	5	28	51	74	97
7	Family conflicts	7	30	53	76	99
11	Superauthority of parents	11	34	57	80	103
13	Dissatisfaction with the role of hostess	13	36	59	82	105
17	Husband's indifference	17	40	63	86	109
19	Mother Domination	19	42	65	88	111
23	Mother's lack of independence	23	46	69	92	115
Optimal emotional contact
1	Verbalization	1	24	47	70	93
14	Partnerships	14	37	60	83	106
15	Child activity development	15	38	61	84	107
21	Equalized relations	21	44	67	90	113
Excessive emotional distance with the child
8	Irritability	8	31	54	77	100
9	Excessive severity	9	32	55	78	101
16	Avoiding Contact	16	39	62	85	108
Excessive concentration on the child
2	Excessive concern	2	25	48	71	94
4	Suppression of will	4	27	50	73	96
6	Fear of offending	6	29	52	75	98
10	Elimination of intra-family influences	10	33	56	79	102
12	Suppression of Aggression	12	35	58	81	104
18	Sexual suppression	18	41	64	87	110
20	Extraordinary intervention in a child's world	20	43	66	89	112
22	The desire to accelerate the development of the child	22	45	68	91	114

Interpretation of results

Attitude to family role

Described using 8 signs, their numbers are 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23:

• limitation of a woman’s interests within the family, with concerns exclusively for the family (3);
• a sense of self-sacrifice in the role of mother (5);
• family conflicts (7);
• super-authority of parents (11);
• dissatisfaction with the role of housewife (13);
• “indifference” of the husband, his lack of involvement in family affairs (17);
• maternal dominance (19);
• dependence and lack of independence of the mother (23).

Attitude of parents to child

1. Optimal emotional contact(consists of 4 signs, their numbers are 1, 14, 15, 21);

• encouraging verbal manifestations, verbalizations (1);
• partnerships (14);
• development of child activity (15);
• equalizing relationship between parents and child (21).

2. Excessive emotional distance with the child(consists of 3 signs, their numbers are 8, 9, 16):

• irritability, hot temper (8);
• severity, excessive severity (9);
• avoidance of contact with the child (16).

3. Excessive concentration on the child(described by 8 signs, their numbers are 2, 4, 6, 10, 12, 18, 20, 22):

• excessive care, establishment of dependent relationships (2);
• overcoming resistance, suppression of will (4);
• creating security, fear of offending (6);
• exclusion of extra-familial influences (10);
• suppression of aggressiveness (12);
• suppression of sexuality (18);
• excessive interference in the child’s world (20);
• the desire to accelerate the development of the child (20).

Each attribute is measured using 5 judgments, balanced in terms of measuring ability and semantic content. The entire methodology consists of 115 judgments. The sum of digital significance determines the severity of the trait:

• 20 - maximum characteristic score;
• 18, 19, 20 - high marks;
• 8, 7, 6 - low scores;
• 5 is the minimum score for the attribute.

For a psychologist working in a production team, perhaps of greater interest is a block of scales aimed at identifying parents’ attitudes toward the family role. The technique allows you to assess the specifics of intrafamily relationships and the peculiarities of the organization of family life.

In a family, you can isolate certain aspects of relationships:

• household, organization of family life (in the methodology these are scales 3, 13, 19, 23);
• interspousal, related to moral, emotional support, organization of leisure, creation of an environment for personal development, one’s own and that of a partner (in the methodology this is scale 17);
• relationships that ensure the upbringing of children, pedagogical (in the scale methodology 5, 11).

By looking at the digital data, you can create a preliminary portrait of the family. Scale 7 (family conflicts) is very important. High scores on this scale may indicate conflict, the transfer of family conflict to industrial relations.

Psychological assistance is aimed at resolving family conflicts and improving relationships in the production team. High scores on scale 3 indicate the priority of family problems over production ones, the secondary nature of the interests of the “business,” the opposite can be said about scale 13. Individuals with high scores on this attribute are characterized by dependence on the family and low consistency in the distribution of economic functions. Poor family integration is evidenced by scores on scales 17, 19, 23.

An analysis of the attitude towards the family role will help the psychologist to better understand the specifics of the subject’s family relationships and provide him with psychological assistance.

Parent-child relationships are the main subject of analysis in the methodology. The main conclusion that can be drawn immediately is to evaluate parent-child contact from the point of view of its optimality. To do this, the average ratings for the first 3 groups of scales are compared: optimal contact, emotional distance, concentration.

Of special interest is the analysis of individual scales, which is often the key to understanding the characteristics of a failed relationship between parents and child, and the zone of tension in these relationships. The technique can assist in preparing and conducting a psychodiagnostic conversation.

Stimulus material

Questionnaire text

Answer form

Literature

1. PARI method (E.S. Shefer, R.K. Bell; adaptation by T.V. Neshcheret) / Psychological tests. Ed. A.A.Karelin - M., 2001, T.2., P.130-143.
2. Great encyclopedia psychological tests/ Ed. A.A. Karelin - M.: Eksmo, 2007, P.298-305.

The PARI method is designed to study parents’ attitudes towards different aspects of family life (family role), as well as the study of child-parent relationships.

The questionnaire includes 115 statements, which are combined into 23 scales (five statements each). Of these, 8 scales relate to attitudes towards family roles, and 15 – parent-child relationships.

Family Role Attitudes Scale

Described using 8 signs, their numbers in the questionnaire are 3, 5, 7, 11,13, 17, 19, 23:

Limitation of a woman’s interests within the family, caring exclusively about the family (3);

Feeling of self-sacrifice in the role of mother (5);

Dissatisfaction with the role of the housewife (13);

- “indifference” to the husband, his lack of involvement in family affairs (17);

Maternal dominance (19);

Maternal dependence and lack of independence (23).

Parent-Child Relationship Scale

Optimal emotional contact (consists of 4 signs, their numbers on the questionnaire are 1, 14, 15, 21);

Encouraging verbal manifestations, verbalizations (1);

Partnerships (14);

Development of child activity (15);

Equal relationship between parents and child (21).

Excessive emotional distance with the child (consists of 3 signs, their numbers on the questionnaire are 8, 9, 16):

Irritability, hot temper (8);

Severity, excessive severity (9);

Avoidance of contact with children (16).

Excessive concentration on the child (8 signs are described, their numbers on the questionnaire are 2, 4, 6, 10, 12, 18, 20,22):

Excessive care, establishment of dependent relationships (2);

Overcoming resistance, suppression of will (4);

Creating security, fear of offending (6);

Elimination of extra-familial influences (10);

Suppression of aggressiveness (12);

Sexual suppression (18);

Excessive interference in the child’s world (20);

The desire to accelerate the development of the child (22).

Each attribute is measured using 5 judgments, balanced in terms of measuring ability and semantic content. The entire methodology consists of 115 judgments. Judgments are arranged in a certain sequence, and the respondent must express an attitude towards them in the form of active or partial agreement or disagreement. The scheme for recalculating answers points is contained in the “key” of the methodology. The sum of digital significance determines the severity of the trait 20, the minimum 5.18, 19.20 - high scores, respectively 8.7,6.5 - low. The questionnaire and answer sheet are attached.

It makes sense to analyze high and low scores first.

Instructions: Here are questions that will help you find out what parents think about raising children. There are no right or wrong answers here, because... everyone is right in relation to their own views. Try to answer accurately and truthfully.

Some questions may seem the same to you. However, this is not tech. The questions are similar, but not the same. This was done in order to capture possible, even small differences in views on raising children.

The questionnaire will take approximately 20 minutes to complete. Do not think about the answer for a long time, answer quickly, trying to give the correct answer that comes to your mind.

Next to each position are the letters A a b B; you need to choose them depending on your belief in the correctness of the given sentence:

A – if you fully agree with this provision;

a – if you rather agree with this provision than disagree;

b – if you disagree with this provision rather than agree;

B – if you completely agree with this provision.

Tell us about yourself:

Age ___________________________________ Gender _______________________

Education ________________________Profession __________________

Number and age of children _______________________________________

1. If children consider their views to be correct, they may not agree with the views of their parents.

2. A good mother should protect her children even from small difficulties and insults.

3. For a good mother, home and family are the most important things in life.

4. Some children are so bad that for their own good they need to be taught to fear adults.

5. Children should be aware that their parents do a lot for them.

6. A small child should always be held firmly in your hands while washing to prevent him from falling.

7. People who think that there can be no misunderstandings in a good family do not know life.

8. When a child grows up, he will thank his parents for their strict upbringing.

9. Staying with a child all day can lead to nervous exhaustion.

10. It is best if the child does not think about whether his parents’ views are correct.

11. Parents must instill in their children complete confidence in themselves.

12. A child should be taught to avoid fighting, regardless of the circumstances.

13. The worst thing for a mother who does housework is the feeling that it is not easy for her to free herself from her responsibilities.

14. It is easier for parents to adapt to their children than vice versa.

15. A child must learn many necessary things in life, and therefore he should not be allowed to waste valuable time.

16. If you agree once that a child is being sarcastic, he will do it all the time.

17.If fathers did not interfere in raising children, mothers would cope better with their children.

18. There is no need to talk about gender issues in the presence of a child.

19. If the mother did not manage the house, husband and children, everything would happen less organized.

20. A mother should do everything to know what her children are thinking about.

21. If parents were more interested in the affairs of their children, the children would be better and happier.

22. Most children should be able to independently cope with physiological needs from the age of 15 months.

23. The most difficult thing for a young mother is to remain alone in the first years of raising a child.

24. We must encourage children to express their opinions about life and the family, even if they believe that life in the family is wrong.

25. A mother should do everything to protect her child from the disappointments that life brings.

26. Women who lead a carefree life are not very good mothers.

27. It is imperative to eradicate manifestations of nascent malice in children.

28. A mother must sacrifice her happiness for the happiness of her child.

29. All young mothers are afraid of their inexperience in handling a child.

30. Spouses should argue from time to time to prove their rights.

31. Strict discipline towards a child develops strong character in him.

32. Mothers are often so tormented by the presence of their children that it seems to them that they cannot be with them for a minute more.

33. Parents should not appear in a bad light to their children.

34. A child should respect his parents more than others.

35. A child should always seek help from his parents or teachers instead of settling his misunderstandings by fighting.

36. Constantly staying with children convinces the mother that her educational capabilities are less than her skills and abilities (she could, but ...)

37. Parents must win the favor of their children through their actions.

38. Children who do not try their hand at achieving success should know that they may encounter failures later in life.

39. Parents who talk with a child about his problems should know that it is better to leave the child alone and not get involved in his affairs.

40. Husbands, if they do not want to be selfish, should take part in family life.

41. Girls and boys should not be allowed to see each other naked.

42. If the wife is sufficiently prepared to solve problems independently, then this is better for both the children and the husband.

43. A child should not have any secrets from his parents.

44. If it is your custom that children tell you jokes, and you tell them, then many issues can be resolved calmly and without conflicts.

45. If you teach a child to walk early, this has a beneficial effect on his development.

46. ​​It is not good when a mother alone overcomes all the difficulties associated with caring for and raising a child.

47. A child should have his own views and the opportunity to express them freely.

48. We must protect the child from hard work.

49. A woman must choose between housework and entertainment.

50. A smart father should teach his child to respect his superiors.

51.Very few women receive gratitude from their children for the work spent on their upbringing.

52.If a child is in trouble, in any case the mother always feels guilty.

53. Young spouses, despite the strength of their feelings, always have disagreements that cause irritation.

54.Children who are taught respect for norms of behavior become good and respected people.

55. It rarely happens that a mother who takes care of her child all day manages to be affectionate and calm.

56. Children should not learn outside the home anything that contradicts the views of their parents.

57.Children should know that there are no wiser people than their parents.

58. There is no excuse for a child who hits another child.

59. Young mothers suffer more from their confinement at home than from any other reason.

60. Forcing children to refuse and adapt is a bad method of parenting.

61. Parents should teach their children to find something to do and not waste free time.

62. Children torment their parents with minor problems if they get used to it from the very beginning.

63. When a mother poorly fulfills her responsibilities towards her children, this probably means that the father does not fulfill his responsibilities to support the family.

64. Children's games with sexual content can lead children to sexual crimes.

65. Only the mother should plan, since only she knows how to run a household.

66. An attentive mother knows what her child is thinking about.

67. Parents who listen with approval to their children's frank statements about their experiences on dates, social gatherings, dances, etc., help them in faster social development.

68. The faster the connection between children and family weakens, the faster children will learn to solve their problems.

69. A smart mother does everything possible to ensure that the child is in good conditions before and after birth.

70. Children should take part in solving important family issues.

71. Parents should know what to do to prevent their children from getting into difficult situations.

72. Too many women forget that their proper place is home.

73. Children need maternal care, which they sometimes lack.

74. Children should be more caring and grateful to their mother for the work invested in them.

75. Most mothers are afraid to torture their child by giving him small tasks.

76. There are many issues in family life that cannot be resolved through calm discussion.

77. Most children should be brought up more strictly than is actually the case.

78. Raising children is hard, nervous work.

79. Children should not doubt the reasonableness of their parents.

80. Children should respect their parents more than anyone else.

81. Children should not be encouraged to take up boxing or wrestling, as this can lead to serious problems.

82. One of the bad things is that the mother does not have free time for her favorite activities.

84. When a child does what he is obliged to do, he is on the right path and will be happy.

85. We must leave a child who is sad alone and not deal with him.

86. The greatest desire of any mother is to be understood by her husband.

87. One of the most difficult moments in raising children is sexual problems.

88. If the mother runs the house and takes care of everything, the whole family feels good.

89. Since the child is part of the mother, he has the right to know everything about her life.

90. Children who are allowed to joke and laugh with their parents are more likely to accept their advice.

91. Parents should make every effort to cope with physiological needs as early as possible.

92. Most women need more time to rest after giving birth than they are actually given.

93. A child should have confidence that he will not be punished if he trusts his parents with his problems.

94. A child does not need to be accustomed to hard work at home, so that he does not lose the desire for any work.

95. Communication with family is enough for a good mother.

96. Sometimes parents are forced to act against the will of the child.

97. Mothers sacrifice everything for the good of their children.

99. It is natural that two people with opposing views in a marriage quarrel.

100. Raising children with strict discipline makes them happier.

101. Naturally, a mother “goes crazy” if her children are selfish and very demanding.

102. A child should never listen to critical remarks about his parents.

104. Parents, as a rule, prefer calm children to brawlers.

105. A young mother is unhappy because many things that she would like to have are not available to her.

106. There is no reason why parents should have more rights and privileges than children.

107. The sooner a child understands that there is no point in wasting time, the better for him.

108. Children do everything possible to interest their parents in their problems.

109. Few men understand that the mother of their child also needs joy.

110. There is something wrong with a child if he asks a lot about sexual matters.

111. When getting married, a woman must be aware that she will be forced to manage family affairs.

112. It is the mother’s duty to know the secret thoughts of the child.

113. If you include a child in household chores, it is easier for him to trust them with his problems.

114. It is necessary to stop breastfeeding and bottle-feeding your child as early as possible (teach him to feed himself).

115. You cannot demand too much responsibility from a mother towards her children.